{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T18:05:39Z","timestamp":1771265139167,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union","award":["101080009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101080009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Genetic and genomic literacy is pivotal in empowering cancer patients and citizens to navigate the complexities of omics sciences, resolve misconceptions surrounding clinical research and genetic\/genomic testing, and make informed decisions about their health. In a fast-evolving scenario where routine testing has become widespread in healthcare, this scoping review sought to pinpoint existing gaps in literacy and understanding among cancer patients and the general public regarding genetics and genomics. Methods: Adhering to the PRISMA framework, the review included 43 studies published between January 2018 and June 2024, which evaluated the understanding of genetics and genomics among cancer patients, caregivers, and citizens. Results: Although the selected studies had significant heterogeneity in populations and evaluation tools, our findings indicate inadequate literacy levels, with citizens displaying lower proficiency than cancer patients and caregivers. This review highlighted consistent knowledge gaps in understanding the genetic and genomic underpinnings of diseases, encompassing misconceptions about mutation types and inheritance patterns, limited awareness of available genetic testing options, and difficulties in interpreting test results. Ethical and privacy concerns and the psychological impact of genetic testing were also common, highlighting the imperative need for effective communication between healthcare providers and patients. Conclusions: Given the dynamic nature of genomic science, the review underscores the need for continuously evolving educational programs tailored to diverse populations. Our findings could guide the development of educational resources addressed explicitly to cancer patients, caregivers, and the lay public.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13020121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T05:17:08Z","timestamp":1736399828000},"page":"121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring Literacy and Knowledge Gaps and Disparities in Genetics and Oncogenomics Among Cancer Patients and the General Population: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Katerina","family":"Nikitara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Cancer Federation, Solonos Street 94, 10680 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Maria Luis","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Astrid Moura","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia Maria","family":"Batalha Silva Rasga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Molecula Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Zeina","family":"Chamoun Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Training Office, Institut Curie, 26 rue d\u2019Ulm, CEDEX 05, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7275-5571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arcangela","family":"De Nicolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Oncology and Molecular Genetics, R\u012bga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, 13 Pilso\u0146a Street, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Nomikou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Cancer Federation, Solonos Street 94, 10680 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Karamanidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9272-410X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Kakalou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e703","DOI":"10.7861\/fhj.2021-0063","article-title":"Patient and public understanding of the concept of \u2018personalised medicine\u2019 in relation to cancer treatment: A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Botham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Healthc. 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