{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:53:35Z","timestamp":1766159615764,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["001\/2023","UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001\/2023","UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["001\/2023","UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001\/2023","UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Employment Stimulus","award":["001\/2023","UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001\/2023","UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Currently, there is a limited understanding of the long-term consequences following acute COVID-19, referred to as long COVID. This cross-sectional study aims to analyze the prevalence of persistent signs and symptoms of long COVID, 18 months after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults in southern Brazil. Methods: Using two national databases (the digital registry of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases), 370 individuals living in the state of Paran\u00e1 (Brazil) were recruited. Data were collected through telephone interviews conducted in 2021 and 2022. Results: The overall prevalence of long COVID was 66.2% among study participants. During the acute phase of infection, the most common symptom clusters included neurological symptoms (87.0%; n = 318), followed by respiratory (82.0%; n = 301), musculoskeletal (66.0%; n = 241), digestive (50.0%; n = 184), psychological (38.0%; n = 138), and endocrine symptoms (28.0%; n = 104). In the 18 month follow-up, the main persistent symptoms were memory loss (42.7%), fatigue (32.2%), anxiety (23.5%), dyspnea (19.7%), and hair loss (19.7%). The proportion of participants with long COVID was statistically higher in females (73.9%), those with a family income below two minimum wages (94.7%), those who do not practice physical activity (83.3%), those who report poor sleep quality (93.3%), those who use long-term medication (85.9%), those who needed health care in the previous six months (87.3%), those who required professional and\/or family care (79.3%), those who were in the ICU (79.0%), and those who used ventilatory support (77.5%). Conclusions: Long COVID is a complex condition that requires long-term monitoring and investment in health services due to its high prevalence and the health consequences in the population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13030228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T12:24:09Z","timestamp":1737635049000},"page":"228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Self-Reported Post-COVID Symptoms at 18 Months After Infection Among Adults in Southern Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8323-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franciele Aline Machado","family":"de Brito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Paran\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1080-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Laranjeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 2, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 5, 2414-016 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of \u00c9vora, 7000-801 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marcia","family":"Moroskoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Paran\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Maria Aparecida","family":"Salci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Paran\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9fane Lele","family":"Rossoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Department of Health Sciences, State University of Maring\u00e1, Paran\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9750-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanessa Cristina","family":"Baccon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Paran\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3373-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosana Rosseto","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Paran\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Priscila Garcia","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, State University of Maring\u00e1, Paran\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6071-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herbert Leopoldo","family":"de Freitas G\u00f3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Paran\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9308-9409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Fontes","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Undergraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Paran\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via Renata Baldissera","family":"da Cruz Blaszczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Undergraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Paran\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Ricardo Nickenig","family":"Vissoci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6450-5599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Puente Alcaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5746-5170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Augusto","family":"Facchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, Postgraduate Programs in Epidemiology, Nursing and Family Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-610, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3891-4222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edgia","family":"Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Paran\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023). 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