{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T12:34:39Z","timestamp":1767962079026,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic diseases are one of the greatest current global health challenges, not only because of their direct clinical impacts, but above all because of the functional, emotional, and social repercussions that profoundly affect the lives of patients and their families [...]<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare14020176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T10:35:52Z","timestamp":1767954952000},"page":"176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Management of Chronic Health Situations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9708-5690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Atl\u00e2ntica School of Health, Atlantic University, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal"},{"name":"RISE\u2014Health Research Network, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre, University of \u00c9vora, 7005-345 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3154-3134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"K\u00e4ppler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3723-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Faleiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeir\u00e3o Preto College of Nursing, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7246-8831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geyslane","family":"Alburquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2626-8561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Jos\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Atl\u00e2ntica School of Health, Atlantic University, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal"},{"name":"RISE\u2014Health Research Network, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Health Sciences Research Unit, Nursing, Coimbra Nursing School, 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mar\u00edn-Maicas, P., Corch\u00f3n, S., Ambrosio, L., and Portillo, M.C. (2021). Living with Long Term Conditions from the Perspective of Family Caregivers. A Scoping Review and Narrative Synthesis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147294"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ad\u00ebraj, S., Saurini, M., Mazzotta, R., Gara, E., Ta\u00e7i, D., Arapi, A., Bernalte-Mart\u00ed, V., Stievano, A., Vellone, E., and Rocco, G. (2025). Caregiver Contribution to Patient Self-Care and Associated Variables in Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions Living in a Middle-Income Country: Key Findings from the \u2018SODALITY-AL\u2019 Observational Study. Nurs. Rep., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep15100360"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2025.103675","article-title":"Associated factors of caregiving burden among informal caregivers of patients with chronic illness: A cross-sectional study","volume":"66","author":"Alves","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geriatr. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, November 27). Sustainable Development Goals: 3\u2014Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well-Being for All at All Ages, Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/about-us\/our-work\/sustainable-development-goals\/targets-of-sustainable-development-goal-3."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71600","DOI":"10.2196\/71600","article-title":"Integrating Patient Perspectives into the Digital Health Technology Readiness Framework: Delphi Study","volume":"27","author":"Montane","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, M.M., Okesanya, O.J., Olaleke, N.O., Adigun, O.A., Adebayo, U.O., Oso, T.A., Eshun, G., and Lucero-Prisno, D.E. (2025). Integrating Digital Health Innovations to Achieve Universal Health Coverage: Promoting Health Outcomes and Quality through Global Public Health Equity. Healthcare, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13091060"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5334\/ijic.3051","article-title":"Digital Technologies Supporting Person-Centered Integrated Care\u2014A Perspective","volume":"17","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Integr. Care"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-025-02663-4","article-title":"A Multi-Level Framework for Advancing Digital Health Equity in Learning Health Systems: Aligning Practice and Theory with the Quintuple Aim","volume":"24","author":"Rangachari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Equity Health"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.35680\/2372-0247.1806","article-title":"Patient-Centered Care Frameworks, Models, and Approaches: An Environmental Scan","volume":"10","author":"Wasim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Patient Exp. J."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Registered Nurses\u2019 Association of Ontario (RNAO) (2025). People-Centred Care, Registered Nurses\u2019 Association of Ontario. [3rd ed.]. Available online: https:\/\/rnao.ca\/bpg\/guidelines\/people-centred-care."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Registered Nurses\u2019 Association of Ontario (RNAO) (2023). Transitions in Care and Services, Registered Nurses\u2019 Association of Ontario. [2nd ed.]. Available online: https:\/\/rnao.ca\/bpg\/guidelines\/transitions-in-care."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, M., and Shim, J. (2025). Effects of Diabetes Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Internet Health Information on e-Health Literacy in Middle-Aged Patients with Diabetes. Healthcare, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13050512"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lorber, M., Mlinar Relji\u0107, N., Kmetec, S., and Kegl, B. (2025). Early Recognition of Loneliness and Frailty in Relation to Chronic Disease Self-Management: A Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13030266"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleischhauer, T., Po\u00df-Doering, R., Sander, N., Laux, G., Wensing, M., Szecsenyi, J., and Senft, J.D. (2024). Pilot Implementation of a Primary Care Disease Management Concept for Venous Leg Ulceration: Results of a Mixed-Methods Process Evaluation. Healthcare, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12242552"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neves Videira, L.G., Corbo, L.N., de Avila, M.A.G., Martins, G.P., Schoeller, S.D., Kappler, C., and Faleiros, F. (2024). Analysis of Urinary Incontinence in the Neurogenic Bladder and Its Relationship with the Satisfaction and Lifestyle of People with SCI. Healthcare, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202405.1268.v1"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venkatesh, R., Huang, A.S., Gurmessa, K., and Hsu, E.B. (2025). Understanding Barriers to Hepatitis C Antiviral Treatment in Low\u2013Middle-Income Countries. Healthcare, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13010043"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e359","DOI":"10.1097\/jnr.0000000000000642","article-title":"Exploring the Relationship between eHealth Literacy and Diabetes Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Care Behaviors in Chinese Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"32","author":"Xing","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"e87968","article-title":"Impact of E-Health Literacy on Diabetes Self-Care Activities among People with Type 2 Diabetes Attending Primary Healthcare Centers in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"17","author":"AlShehri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J.E., Calderon, S.J., and Kim, M. (2025). Digital Health Literacy and Diabetes Knowledge among Older Adults in the United States. J. Community Health Nurs., 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1080\/07370016.2025.2593395"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.25048\/tudod.1533298","article-title":"Relationship between E-Health Literacy Level and Obtaining and Verifying Health Information from Digital Media in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Public Hospital Example","volume":"8","author":"Obak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Turk. J. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nejadsadeghi, E., Vakili-Basir, A., Moghadasi, A.M., and Papi, S. (2025). Association between Loneliness and Self-Care in Elderly Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. BMC Public Health, 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-24659-z"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1177\/17423953221113604","article-title":"Effectiveness of Chronic Disease Self-Management Education Programs to Reduce Loneliness","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chronic Illn."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1177\/08901171221105265","article-title":"Loneliness among Rural Self-Management Education Program Participants during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"36","author":"Brunner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15608","article-title":"Barriers and Facilitators to the Use of Compression Therapy by People with Venous Leg Ulcers: A Qualitative Exploration","volume":"79","author":"Perry","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e061834","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061834","article-title":"What Promotes or Prevents Greater Use of Appropriate Compression in People with Venous Leg Ulcers? A Qualitative Interview Study with Nurses in the North of England Using the Theoretical Domains Framework","volume":"12","author":"Perry","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14021","article-title":"Effect of Educational Interventions on Wound Healing in Patients with Venous Leg Ulceration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"20","author":"Bossert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Wound J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u017dulec, M., Rotar Pavli\u010d, D., and \u017dulec, A. (2022). Effect of an Educational Intervention on Self-Care in Patients with Venous Leg Ulcers\u2014A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084657"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14776","article-title":"Clean Intermittent Catheterization in the Long-Term Management of Neurogenic Bladder in Spinal Cord Injury: Patient Perspectives and Experiences","volume":"29","author":"Joshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/03915603211049883","article-title":"Bladder Instillation for Urinary Tract Infection Prevention in Neurogenic Bladder Patients Practicing Clean Intermittent Catheterization: A Systematic Review","volume":"89","author":"Ziadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urologia J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11884-025-00788-4","article-title":"Best Practice and Algorithm for Intermittent Catheterization in Neurogenic Bladder","volume":"20","author":"Lombardo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Bladder Dysfunct. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14031","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.14031","article-title":"Preferences and Feasibility of Long-Acting Technologies for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus: A Survey of Patients in Diverse Low- and Middle-Income Countries","volume":"32","author":"Furl","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Viral Hepat."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13921","article-title":"Preferences and Feasibility of Long-Acting Technologies for Hepatitis C Treatment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Survey of Providers and Policymakers","volume":"31","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Viral Hepat."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"OECD (2024). OECD Contributions to the 2030 Agenda and Beyond: Shaping a Sustainable Future for All, OECD Publishing."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00627-0","article-title":"The Lancet One Health Commission: Harnessing Our Interconnectedness for Equitable, Sustainable, and Healthy Socioecological Systems","volume":"406","author":"Winkler","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chicoine, G., and Straus, S.E. (JBI Evid. Implement., 2025). Toward the Sustainability of Health Care Innovations to \u201cTransform Our World\u201d: Current Status and the Road Ahead, JBI Evid. Implement., Online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000496"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20552076231171967","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231171967","article-title":"Digital Health Interventions to Support Family Caregivers: An Updated Systematic Review","volume":"9","author":"Zhai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Digit. Health"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van den Akker, K.K., Christie, H.L., Boots, L.M.M., de Vugt, M.E., and Duits, A.A. (2025). Implementation, Facilitators and Barriers, of eHealth with a Self-Management Approach for Informal Caregivers of People with Dementia: A Narrative Review. Aging Ment. Health, 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2025.2579159"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gris, F., D\u2019Amen, B., Lamura, G., Paciaroni, L., Socci, M., and Melchiorre, M.G. (2023). Personalized Technological Support for Informal Caregivers of Older People with Dementia: A Co-Design Approach Involving Potential End Users and Healthcare Professionals in Three Focus Groups in Italy. Healthcare, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11192640"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106876","article-title":"Digital Psychosocial Tools and Interventions for Supporting Informal Caregivers of People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review","volume":"105","author":"Giusto","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."}],"container-title":["Healthcare"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9032\/14\/2\/176\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T10:50:04Z","timestamp":1767955804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9032\/14\/2\/176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["healthcare14020176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare14020176","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9032"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9032","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]}}}