{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:21:36Z","timestamp":1771460496817,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]],"date-time":"2021-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Western health systems and research requires a rational communicable theory, scientific proof of efficacy and safety, and quality control measures. The existence of clear definitions and the diagnosis standardization are critical factors to establish the patient\u2019s vegetative functional status accurately and, therefore, systematically apply TCM therapeutics such as the stimulation of reflex skin areas known as acupoints. This science-based conceptualization entails using validated methods, or even developing new systems able to parameterize the diagnosis and assess TCM related effects by objective measurements. Traditionally, tongue and pulse diagnosis and the functional evaluation of action points by pressure sensitivity and physical examination may be regarded as essential diagnostic tools. Parameterizing these techniques is a future key point in the objectification of TCM diagnosis, such as by electronic digital image analysis, mechanical pulse diagnostic systems, or the systematic evaluation of acupoints\u2019 electrophysiology. This review aims to demonstrate and critically analyze some achievements and limitations in the clinical application of device-assisted TCM diagnosis systems to evaluate functional physiological patterns. Despite some limitations, tongue, pulse, and electrophysiological diagnosis devices have been reported as a useful tool while establishing a person\u2019s functional status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9020177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T20:51:51Z","timestamp":1612817511000},"page":"177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Can Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis Be Parameterized and Standardized? A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2698-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Carlos","family":"Matos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CBSIn\u2014Centro de Bioci\u00eancias em Sa\u00fade Integrativa, Atl\u00e2ntico Business School, 4405-604 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"},{"name":"CTEC\u2014Centro Transdisciplinar de Estudos da Consci\u00eancia da Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4570-5445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Pereira","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBSIn\u2014Centro de Bioci\u00eancias em Sa\u00fade Integrativa, Atl\u00e2ntico Business School, 4405-604 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1361-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Jorge","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEB\u2014Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Henry Johannes","family":"Greten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"German Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"S13","article-title":"Zheng: A systems biology approach to diagnosis and treatments","volume":"346","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"S16","article-title":"Integrated network-based medicine: The role of traditional Chinese medicine in developing a new generation of medicine","volume":"346","author":"Leung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.3654","article-title":"Acupuncture for chronic pain: Individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"172","author":"Vickers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. 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