{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T22:52:59Z","timestamp":1776120779791,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heart failure is often characterised by low exercise capacity and a great impairment of performance in the activities of daily living. The correct management of the disease can prevent the worsening of symptoms and promote a better quality of life. The aims of this study are to understand the relationship of gender and pathophysiological characteristics with self-care behaviour and to evaluate the self-care behaviour in a sample of Portuguese heart failure inpatients, using the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI). A cross-sectional multicentre study enrolling 225 heart failure inpatients from eight hospitals from Portugal was performed. At admission, each patient\u2019s functional capacity was evaluated as well as their self-care behaviour, using the SCHFI Portuguese v6.2. A comparison between self-care behaviour with gender was performed. The patients\u2019 mean age was 68.4 \u00b1 10.7 years old, 68% were male and 82.3% had reduced ejection fraction. A mean value of 47.9, 35.6 and 38.8 points was found in the SCHFI score of the sections self-care maintenance, self-care management and self-care confidence, respectively. Heart failure inpatients present inadequate levels of self-care behaviour. The results do not suggest a relationship between gender and pathophysiological characteristics with self-care behaviour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9040434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T11:58:45Z","timestamp":1617883125000},"page":"434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Self-Care in Heart Failure Inpatients: What Is the Role of Gender and Pathophysiological Characteristics? A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Delgado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto\u2014Hospital de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar\u2014Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3125-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivo","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar do Porto\u2014Hospital de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia\/Espinho, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9708-5690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Department of Nursing, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-812 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7509-1192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fidel","family":"L\u00f3pez-Espuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8126-7051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonel","family":"Preto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6528-4284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eug\u00e9nia","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Enfermagem, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8583-0406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Novo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) NursID, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1167","article-title":"2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"69","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. 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