{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:36:09Z","timestamp":1760240169592,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/EAT\/04189\/2016","SFRH\/BPD\/116050\/2016","SFRH\/BPD\/84867\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EAT\/04189\/2016","SFRH\/BPD\/116050\/2016","SFRH\/BPD\/84867\/2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heritage"],"abstract":"<jats:p>ORION is a digital art history research-oriented project focused on the study of art collections and collectors in Portugal, supported on a relational database management system. Besides the obvious advantage of organizing and systematizing an enormous amount of information, promoting its analysis, this database was specifically designed to highlight the relationships between data. Its relational capacity is not only one of the most relevant features of ORION, but a differentiating quality, one step forward in comparison to other international databases and studies that use digital methodologies. This article discusses the methods and the advantages of using ORION in research related to the history of collecting, art markets and provenance of art objects in Portugal, where it is the very first time that an approach such as this is intended, looking for a systematization of data that paves the way to the emergence of new research questions. Furthermore, and because ORION aims to share the data and knowledge with other projects, institutions and researchers, the database uses different international standards, such as data structure (CIDOC-OIC and Getty-CDWA), controlled vocabulary (Iconclass, Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT), Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN), and Union List of Artist Names (ULAN)) and communication and exchange of information (CIDOC-CRM).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage2020068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T03:39:28Z","timestamp":1554262768000},"page":"1045-1059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["ORION\u2014Art Collections and Collectors in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Vera","family":"Mariz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ARTIS\u2014Instituto de Hist\u00f3ria da Arte, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0841-3152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Salema de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARTIS\u2014Instituto de Hist\u00f3ria da Arte, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sistemas do Futuro\u2014Multim\u00e9dia, Gest\u00e3o e Arte, Lda., 4050-276 Oporto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARTIS\u2014Instituto de Hist\u00f3ria da Arte, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Moura Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARTIS\u2014Instituto de Hist\u00f3ria da Arte, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sistemas do Futuro\u2014Multim\u00e9dia, Gest\u00e3o e Arte, Lda., 4050-276 Oporto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Berg-Fulton, T., Langmead, A., Lombardi, T., Newbury, D., and Nygren, C. (2018). A Role-Based Model for Successful Collaboration in Digital Art History. Int. J. Digit. Art Hist., 152\u2013180."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Baca, M., and Harpring, P. (2014). Categories for the Description of Works of Art, College Art Association. Available online: http:\/\/www.getty.edu\/research\/publications\/electronic_publications\/cdwa\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Yeide, N., Akinsha, K., and Walsh, A.L. (2001). The AAM Guide to Provenance Research, American Association of Museus."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Feigenbaum, G., and Reist, I. (2012). Provenance: An Alternate History of Art, Getty Research Institute."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1086\/702755","article-title":"Rethinking Provenance Research","volume":"11","author":"Fuhrmeister","year":"2019","journal-title":"Getty Res. J."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"403","article-title":"Coleccionadores e Connaisseurs de obras de arte: Francis Cook (1817-1901) e John Charles Robinson (1824\u20131913) em Portugal","volume":"1","author":"Neto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Artis, Revista do Instituto de Hist\u00f3ria da Arte da Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Neto, M.J. (ARTIS\u2014Revista de Hist\u00f3ria da Arte e Ci\u00eancias do Patrim\u00f3nio, 2014). ARTIS\u2014Revista de Hist\u00f3ria da Arte e Ci\u00eancias do Patrim\u00f3nio."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Neto, M.J., and Malta, M. (2014). Cole\u00e7\u00f5es de Arte em Portugal e Brasil nos s\u00e9culos XIX e XX: Perfis e tr\u00e2nsitos, Caleidosc\u00f3pio."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Neto, M.J. (2015). Monserrate. A casa rom\u00e2ntica de uma fam\u00edlia inglesa, Caleidosc\u00f3pio."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Neto, M.J., and Malta, M. (2016). Cole\u00e7\u00f5es de Arte em Portugal e Brasil nos s\u00e9culos XIX e XX. As Academias de Belas-Artes. Rio de Janeiro, Lisboa, Porto (1816\u20131836). Ensino, artistas, mecenas, colec\u00e7\u00f5es, Caleidosc\u00f3pio."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Neto, M.J., Malta, M., Cavalcanti, A., Oliveira, E.D., and Couto, M.F.M. (2016). A Cole\u00e7\u00e3o de arte do Conde do Ameal: O leil\u00e3o de 1921 e as aquisi\u00e7\u00f5es do Estado Portugu\u00eas para os Museus Nacionais. Anais do II Col\u00f3quio Internacional Cole\u00e7\u00f5es de Arte em Portugal e no Brasil nos S\u00e9culos XIX e XX. Modos de ver e exibir em Brasil e Portugal, Rio Books\/EBA\/UFRJ."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Neto, M.J. (2017). Monserrate Revisitado. A Colec\u00e7\u00e3o Cook em Portugal, Caleidosc\u00f3pio."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Mariz, V. (2018). From Portugal to England. John Charles Robinson\u2019s purchases in the Portuguese art market. J. Hist. Collect., fhy057."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Rodrigues, R. (2017). Entre a salvaguarda e a destrui\u00e7\u00e3o: A extin\u00e7\u00e3o das ordens religiosas em Portugal e as suas consequ\u00eancias para o patrim\u00f3nio art\u00edstico dos conventos (1834\u20131868). [Ph.D. Thesis, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa]. Available online: http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10451\/29993."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Soares, C.M. (2014). A extin\u00e7\u00e3o das ordens religiosas em Portugal na implanta\u00e7\u00e3o do Liberalismo: Efeitos sobre o patrim\u00f3nio art\u00edstico dos conventos. De Viollet-leDuc a la Carta de Venecia. Teor\u00eda y Pr\u00e1ctica de la Restauraci\u00f3n en el espacio Iberoamericano, LNEC."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Other provenance projects are the Kress Provenance Research Project, developed by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, the Frits Lugt, Collectors\u2019 Marks on Prints and Drawings (Fondation Custodia), relevant to the field, as well as the projects directly related with the WW2 as the Art Provenance World War II Research, developed by the Smithsonian Museums."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/01973762.2013.761126","article-title":"Debates in the Digital Humanities, edited by Matthew K. Gold","volume":"29","author":"Jaskot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vis. Resour."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Matos, A. (2012). SPECTRUM: Uma norma de gest\u00e3o de cole\u00e7\u00f5es para os museus portugueses. [Ph.D. Thesis, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto]. Available online: http:\/\/repositorio-aberto.up.pt\/handle\/10216\/67304."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Baca, M., Harpring, P., Lanzi, E., McRae, L., and Whiteside, A. (2006). Cataloging Cultural Objects: A Guide to Describing Cultural Works and Their Images, American Library Association."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/19386389.2015.1103081","article-title":"The Journey to Linked Open Data: The Getty Vocabularies","volume":"15","author":"Cobb","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Libr. Metadata"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Harpring, P. (2013). Introduction to Controlled Vocabularies Terminology for Art, Architecture, and Other Cultural Works, Getty Research Institute."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Jorge, N. (2011). Ensaio sobre o AAT-Art & Architecture Thesaurus: Proposta terminol\u00f3gica de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 realidade portuguesa. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto]. Available online: http:\/\/repositorio-aberto.up.pt\/handle\/10216\/57042."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"(2019, January 01). Az Infinitum\u2014Azulejo Indexation and Referencing System. Available online: http:\/\/redeazulejo.letras.ulisboa.pt\/pesquisa-az."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"444","article-title":"The Cook Collection, its founder and its inheritors","volume":"CXLVI","author":"Danziger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Burlingt. Mag."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Davies, H. (1992). Sir John Charles Robinson (1824\u20131913): His Role as a Connoisseur and Creator of Public and Private Collections. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Oxford]."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Neto, M.J. (2017). John Charles Robinson. O amigo e conselheiro. Monserrate Revisitado. A Colec\u00e7\u00e3o Cook em Portugal, Caleidosc\u00f3pio."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Neto, M.J. (2017). Monserrate em leil\u00e3o. Monserrate Revisitado. A Colec\u00e7\u00e3o Cook em Portugal, Caleidosc\u00f3pio."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Berardo, J.O. (1857). O pintor Vasco Fernandes, de Vizeu. O Liberal, 52."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Rodrigues, D. (2002). Gr\u00e3o Vasco e a pintura europeia do Renascimento, Comiss\u00e3o Nacional para as Comemora\u00e7\u00f5es dos Descobrimentos Portugueses."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"83","article-title":"O Tr\u00edptico de Vasco Fernandes da Colec\u00e7\u00e3o Cook, de Richmond","volume":"1","author":"Santos","year":"1947","journal-title":"Boletim do Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Arag\u00e3o, M. (1900). Gr\u00e3o Vasco ou Vasco Fernandez. Pintor Viziense, principe dos pintores portugueses, S.n."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Robinson, J.C. (1865). The Early Portuguese School of Painting; With Notes on the Pictures at Viseu and Coimbra, Traditionally Ascribed to Gran Vasco, S.n."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Clark, K. ca. Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga\u2019s archive: Registador n. 39, 1943, n. 3, January\u2013December, 45 to 86, George West to Jo\u00e3o Couto, 19 October 1943."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"(Di\u00e1rio de Not\u00edcias, 1945). O Tr\u00edptico de Vasco Fernandes oferecido a Portugal chegou ontem de Inglaterra, Di\u00e1rio de Not\u00edcias."},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_35.1","unstructured":"On this lengthy process see the record held by the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga's archive: Registador n. 39, 1943, n. 3, January-December, 45 to 86"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_35.2","unstructured":"Registador n. 45, 1945, n. 2, January-December, 16 to 40."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Available online: http:\/\/artis-orion.letras.ulisboa.pt."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Card, B., Droth, M., Scutt, T., and Turner, S.V. (2019). Beyond the PDF: Expanding Art History Digitally with British Art Studies. Vis. Resour., 34.","DOI":"10.1080\/01973762.2019.1553446"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Mariz, V., Carvalho, R.S., Ricardo, F., and Campos, M.A. (2018). Nepomuceno e Ameal: A hist\u00f3ria de duas colec\u00e7\u00f5es de azulejo. ARTIS\u2014Revista de Hist\u00f3ria da Arte e Ci\u00eancias do Patrim\u00f3nio, 6, accepted."}],"container-title":["Heritage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-9408\/2\/2\/68\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:42:22Z","timestamp":1760186542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-9408\/2\/2\/68"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["heritage2020068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/heritage2020068","relation":{},"ISSN":["2571-9408"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2571-9408"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]}}}