{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:55:37Z","timestamp":1777953337969,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04449\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04449\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04449\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04449\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia - FCT &amp; Universidade de \u00c9vora (Portugal)","award":["DL\/57\/2016\/CP1338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DL\/57\/2016\/CP1338"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia - FCT &amp; Universidade de \u00c9vora (Portugal)","award":["DL57\/2016\/CP1372\/CT0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DL57\/2016\/CP1372\/CT0013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heritage"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper reports the preliminary results of a comparative analysis of the effects of three consolidants on the color appearance of fresco paint layers affected by lack of cohesion. In vitro assays were performed with a laboratory-synthesized nanolime, a commercial nanolime (CaLoSiL\u00ae IP25), and a commercial acrylic resin (PrimalTM SF-016 ER\u00ae) applied by nebulization over two sets of replicas of buon and lime fresco painted with red and yellow ochres and smalt pigments. The paint layers were surveyed before, one week, and one month after treatment with technical photography in the visible range (Vis) and ultraviolet-induced fluorescence in the visible range (UVF), as well as optical microscopy (OM-Vis), colorimetry, spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Experimental work also comprised the synthesis of nanolime and its characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA-DTG). The results show no alteration on pigments\u2019 spectral curves and elemental composition. The increase in the CIEL* coordinate and \u2206E color variation noticed after the treatment with the nanolimes is associated with a white haze formation on the paint surfaces. The impact on color appearance is higher on the darker tones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage4040183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T21:55:02Z","timestamp":1634162102000},"page":"3288-3306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Preliminary Studies of the Effects of Nanoconsolidants on Mural Paint Layers with a Lack of Cohesion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Berenice","family":"Baiza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory, University of \u00c9vora, Pal\u00e1cio do Vimioso, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva, 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Milene","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory, University of \u00c9vora, Pal\u00e1cio do Vimioso, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva, 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Galacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory, University of \u00c9vora, Pal\u00e1cio do Vimioso, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva, 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemistry Department of School of Sciences and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Candeias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory, University of \u00c9vora, Pal\u00e1cio do Vimioso, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva, 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemistry Department of School of Sciences and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9724-0419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penka I.","family":"Girginova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory, University of \u00c9vora, Pal\u00e1cio do Vimioso, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva, 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"ICOMOS (2003, January 27\u201331). 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