{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T22:38:50Z","timestamp":1774305530634,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57\/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57\/2017, of July 19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57\/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57\/2017, of July 19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BDE\/33800\/2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BDE\/33800\/2009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heritage"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salt crystallization is one of the main decay processes in historic masonry mortars, and climate change can worsen the salt weathering effects on those materials as result of, e.g., more often rain falls, more intense solar radiation and sea level rise. In this paper, the effectiveness and durability of a substitution \u201cventilated render\u201d system (a two-layer render, with base and outer layer and \u201cvertical grooves\u201d in the base layer) on a full-scale salt laden masonry wall to reproduce conditions that may be found in real cases was investigated. The crystallization at the interface between render layers and in vertical grooves and the effect of the porous structure on salt crystallization were thoroughly investigated. It was highlighted the reliability of the results of the salt crystallization testing procedure on a full-scale masonry wall to attest the efficiency and durability of the render system. Finally, it was proven that the ventilated render system with water repellent in the outer layer is durable and efficient enough to be used as a substitution render on salt laden historical masonries, acting as a salt accumulation render where salts preferably crystallize in, delaying the damage on the outer surface without introducing harmful effects in the masonry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage4040212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T23:30:11Z","timestamp":1634859011000},"page":"3879-3891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Performance of a Salt-Accumulating Substitution Lime Render for Salt Laden Historic Masonry Walls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1440-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Fragata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec, Department of Geociences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7135-8603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buildings Department, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, 1700-066 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9604-2779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Velosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Risco, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.080","article-title":"Air lime mortars: What else do we need to know to apply them in conservation and rehabilitation interventions? A review","volume":"157","author":"Veiga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Ghiassi, B., and Louren\u00e7o, P.B. (2019). Mortars. Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering, Long-Term Performance and Durability of Masonry Structures, Woodhead Publishing."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"V\u00e1lek, J., Groot, C., and Hughes, J.J. (2010, January 22\u201314). Salt crystallization in substitution renders for historical constructions. Historic Mortars and RILEM TC 203-RHM Final Workshop HMC2010. In Proceedings of the 2nd Conference and of the Final Workshop of RILEM TC 203-RHM, Prague, Czech Republic. 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