{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T06:24:08Z","timestamp":1762064648087,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology for the scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/114409","UIDB\/50025\/2020-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/114409","UIDB\/50025\/2020-2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 Programme and National Funds through FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the project","award":["PD\/BD\/114409","UIDB\/50025\/2020-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/114409","UIDB\/50025\/2020-2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heritage"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Chalcolithic period in the Lisbon region, Portugal, is usually divided into three phases chronologically: the Early Chalcolithic, characterized by cylindrical corrugated cups, Full Chalcolithic by so-called acacia-leaf decoration, and Late Chalcolithic by Bell Beaker pottery. The aim of this research is to determine if Chalcolithic ceramic raw materials and production techniques have remained the same over time and whether the pottery is locally produced. Regarding the Lisbon region, 149 ceramic samples from four Chalcolithic settlements (Vila Nova de S\u00e3o Pedro, Penedo do Lexim, Espargueira and Ba\u00fatas) were evaluated concerning textural, chemical and mineralogical compositions. Textural analysis was performed using optical microscopy, chemical characterization was achieved using micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and mineralogical characterization was undertaken using X-ray powder diffraction and petrographic microscopy as main techniques. Results suggest that production techniques may have remained similar throughout all the Chalcolithic period, with firing temperatures between 700 and 800 \u00b0C. Multivariate analysis of results from chemical and mineralogical analyses suggests that multiple sources of raw materials must have been used in the manufacture of the pottery collected at the four Chalcolithic settlements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage5030126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T21:01:31Z","timestamp":1661806891000},"page":"2422-2443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characterization of Chalcolithic Ceramics from the Lisbon Region, Portugal: An Archaeometric Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Rute Correia","family":"Chaves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Restauro, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o VICARTE\u2014Vidro e Cer\u00e2mica para as Artes, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5324-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Restauro, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"CENIMAT\/i3N, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Materiais, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7112-0649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Monge Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C2TN\u2014Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4754.2007.00308.x","article-title":"Neutron Activation Analysis of Archaeological materials: An overview of the ITN NAA Laborartory, Portugal","volume":"49","author":"Dias","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archaeometry"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Amaro, G. 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