{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:47:27Z","timestamp":1760143647539,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heritage"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study seeks to unravel the intricate operational sequence involved in preparing prehistoric pigments for rock art within the Puerto Roque rock art shelter. Sixteen pigment samples were meticulously collected from specific figurative representations. Additionally, three ochre samples were sourced from the shelter\u2019s soil. Employing a comprehensive multi-analytical approach, including Raman microspectroscopy, X-ray microfluorescence (EDxrf), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), all nineteen samples underwent thorough analysis. Notably, darker pigments revealed a composition of hematite with the added presence of carbon. Meanwhile, one sample exhibited an orange hue primarily composed of goethite and bright red pigments predominantly characterised by hematite, as confirmed by Raman analysis. EDxrf analysis demonstrated an elemental composition akin to the three ochre pieces examined. Furthermore, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy suggested the potential influence of a heating process in enhancing red coloration, corroborated by spectral results from specific samples. This finding aligns with prior research, underscoring the technological sophistication embedded in early artistic endeavours.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage7030053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T08:43:48Z","timestamp":1708505028000},"page":"1123-1139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Archeometrical Characterization of Rock Art Pigments from Puerto Roque Open-Air Rock Art Shelter (Valencia De Alcantara, Extremadura, Spain)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0665-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Tomar (IPT), Geosciences Center (UID73), 2300-000 Tomar, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Hip\u00f3lito","family":"Collado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geosciences Center (UID73), Consejer\u00eda Cultura Turismo y Deporte, Junta de Extremadura, 28014 Merida, Spain"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Garc\u00eas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Tomar (IPT), Geosciences Center (UID73), 2300-000 Tomar, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Lattao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra (Polo II), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Nicoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0879-6870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negar","family":"Eftekhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7320-0327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Marrocchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6722-2722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Rosina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Tomar (IPT), Geosciences Center (UID73), 2300-000 Tomar, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Oliveira, J., and Torres, M.F. 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