{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T14:56:03Z","timestamp":1768834563759,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u2013FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXPL\/HAR-ARQ\/0381\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/HAR-ARQ\/0381\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u2013FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04449\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04449\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u2013FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04449\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04449\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u2013FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0132\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0132\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u2013FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023.03646.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.03646.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u2013FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["599247-EPP-1-2018-1-PT-EPPKA1-JMD-MOB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["599247-EPP-1-2018-1-PT-EPPKA1-JMD-MOB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency","award":["EXPL\/HAR-ARQ\/0381\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/HAR-ARQ\/0381\/2021"]}]},{"name":"European Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency","award":["UIDB\/04449\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04449\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency","award":["UIDP\/04449\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04449\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency","award":["LA\/P\/0132\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0132\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency","award":["2023.03646.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.03646.BD"]}]},{"name":"European Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency","award":["599247-EPP-1-2018-1-PT-EPPKA1-JMD-MOB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["599247-EPP-1-2018-1-PT-EPPKA1-JMD-MOB"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heritage"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phoenician colonisation of the Iberian Peninsula in the 1st millennium BCE introduced many novel and luxurious goods to the local populations of the Western Mediterranean. Among them, black-appearing glass beads are characteristic of indigenous female burials in Southern Portugal during the 6th century BCE. This study presents the results of the first comprehensive archaeometric investigation of black-appearing glass from Vinha das Cali\u00e7as 4 (Portugal), and of black-appearing glass from the Iberian Peninsula in general. A multi-analytical approach employing Stereomicroscopic observation of manufacture and use traces, VP-SEM-EDS, \u03bc-XRD, and LA-ICP-MS was used to cover a wide range of questions regarding technology and provenance. All analysed samples are natron glass. All samples of black and white beads are characterized by high Zr and low Sr values typically ascribed to the use of Egyptian sands. A comparison of the results of previous studies from the same site clearly demonstrates at least two geochemical provenances for Phoenician-traded glass beads, located in the Levantine region and Egypt, respectively. Furthermore, different colours of glass in individual polychrome beads exhibit similar trace element patterns, which might suggest these beads could have been produced close to glassmaking sites\/regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage7030061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T11:19:24Z","timestamp":1709291964000},"page":"1265-1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["An Archaeometric Analysis of Black-Appearing Iron Age Glass Beads from Vinha das Cali\u00e7as 4 (Portugal)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3295-7651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Lon\u010dari\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory, University of \u00c9vora, Pal\u00e1cio do Vimoso, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Research and Innovation in Heritage, Arts, Sustainability and Territory IN2PAST, \u00c9vora University, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Margarida","family":"Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIARQ\u2014Centre for Archaeology of the University of Lisbon, School of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, 1600-214 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4075-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Barrulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory, University of \u00c9vora, Pal\u00e1cio do Vimoso, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Research and Innovation in Heritage, Arts, Sustainability and Territory IN2PAST, \u00c9vora University, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8764-2310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mafalda","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory, University of \u00c9vora, Pal\u00e1cio do Vimoso, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Research and Innovation in Heritage, Arts, Sustainability and Territory IN2PAST, \u00c9vora University, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Janssens, K., Degryse, P., Cosyns, P., Caen, J., and Dack, L.V. 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