{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:19:02Z","timestamp":1760145542379,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BEGIN project","award":["DUS.AD017.190, CUP C39J20001760002","ERDF-ROP 2014\u20132020","ISPC-CNR","UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUS.AD017.190, CUP C39J20001760002","ERDF-ROP 2014\u20132020","ISPC-CNR","UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Basilicata","award":["DUS.AD017.190, CUP C39J20001760002","ERDF-ROP 2014\u20132020","ISPC-CNR","UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUS.AD017.190, CUP C39J20001760002","ERDF-ROP 2014\u20132020","ISPC-CNR","UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council","award":["DUS.AD017.190, CUP C39J20001760002","ERDF-ROP 2014\u20132020","ISPC-CNR","UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUS.AD017.190, CUP C39J20001760002","ERDF-ROP 2014\u20132020","ISPC-CNR","UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"University of Basilicata","award":["DUS.AD017.190, CUP C39J20001760002","ERDF-ROP 2014\u20132020","ISPC-CNR","UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUS.AD017.190, CUP C39J20001760002","ERDF-ROP 2014\u20132020","ISPC-CNR","UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P. (Portugal)","award":["DUS.AD017.190, CUP C39J20001760002","ERDF-ROP 2014\u20132020","ISPC-CNR","UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUS.AD017.190, CUP C39J20001760002","ERDF-ROP 2014\u20132020","ISPC-CNR","UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heritage"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The abandonment of inhabited places is a phenomenon widespread on a global scale that has spanned centuries. It has led to the birth of the so-called \u2018ghost towns\u2019. These lifeless sites dot the internal Mediterranean and European areas, testifying to the changeability of the human settlements. Through a vision that reverses the paradigm that epitomises the \u2018ghost towns\u2019, these places can be transformed from a problem into an opportunity for the development of the territories that host them. The main topic of this article is to present and update investigations performed on three abandoned settlements sited in Portugal, Italy, and Albania in view of their tourist exploitation, considering three different tailored strategies: underwater tourism, dark tourism, and heritage tourism. For each site, we analysed the site history, the abandonment causes, and the territorial-geological features, thus arguing for the possible valorisation and enjoyment approaches with special attention to digital technologies, which are highly underexploited in the sector. This study, which is part of an international research landscape still in the initial stages, falls within the BEGIN project (aBandonment vErsus reGeneratIoN), which aims to develop a multilevel methodological\u2013operational protocol useful in regional, national, EU, and non-EU contexts for the dissemination of knowledge, conservation, regeneration, valorisation, management, and fruition of areas classified as a \u2018ghost town\u2019. The research findings can be useful for scholars, practitioners, and local entities entrusted to manage the abandoned towns. Furthermore, the methodological approach followed in this research can supply useful insights into aims to valorise and enjoy worldwide \u2018ghost towns\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage7080183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T13:10:28Z","timestamp":1721913028000},"page":"3867-3901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["From Settlement Abandonment to Valorisation and Enjoyment Strategies: Insights through EU (Portuguese, Italian) and Non-EU (Albanian) \u2018Ghost Towns\u2019"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8966-0683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio Terenzio","family":"Gizzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (ISPC-CNR), Area della Ricerca, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito (Potenza), Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3456-5926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel Margarida Horta Ribeiro","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Sciences, Pole Minho, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0922-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e9lia Paula Marinho","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Sciences, Pole Minho, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"GEOBIOTEC, Geosciences Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5860-9500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore Ivo","family":"Giano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, Campus Macchia Romana, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8804-5718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Masini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (ISPC-CNR), Area della Ricerca, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito (Potenza), Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7497-9846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ylber","family":"Muceku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geosciences, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Don Bosko nr. 60, 1024 Tirana, Albania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2048-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Pescatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, Campus Macchia Romana, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Potenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (ISPC-CNR), Area della Ricerca, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito (Potenza), Italy"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Corbal\u00e1n Andreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Sciences, Pole Minho, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Annarita","family":"Sannazzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council (ISPC-CNR), Area della Ricerca, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito (Potenza), Italy"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Palladino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1221-6947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Bentivenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, Campus Macchia Romana, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WPH (2024, April 04). World Population Highlights 2007: Urbanization. Available online: https:\/\/www.prb.org\/resources\/%20world-population-highlights-2007-urbanization\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"EC (2024, April 04). Urbanisation Worldwide. 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