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surrounding climatic environment, the intrinsic characteristics of the stones used in construction are a critical factor to understand a building\u2019s conservation state and define the necessary planning and conservation management activities. The use of environmentally susceptible stones, such as carbonate stones, in heritage buildings can be especially problematic. The present investigation presents an overview of past research and contributes to identifying the types of carbonate stones used over time in Coimbra\u2019s Old Cathedral in Portugal, which was classified as a National Monument and integrated into the Coimbra World Heritage site by UNESCO. Our mineralogical and chemical analyses revealed the use of carbonate stones from different quarries (Coimbra region), including An\u00e7\u00e3 limestone and dolostone (Porta Especiosa portal), Portunhos limestone and Outil limestone (in the perimeter of windows), and marlstones and Outil limestone (side facades). These stones, which were installed at various times during the construction and alteration of the monument, represent a great challenge for conservation planning due to their intrinsic vulnerability to adverse environmental conditions and pollution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage7100263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T12:03:49Z","timestamp":1728389029000},"page":"5569-5592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comprehensive Overview and New Research on Carbonate Rocks of the S\u00e9 Velha Cathedral in Coimbra, Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4037-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Tavares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3636-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec, Department of Geociences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1440-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Fragata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec, Department of Geociences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8950-4843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An\u00edbal","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISCO, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1829-7615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matilde","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"779","article-title":"Decay and Preservation of Stone","volume":"115","author":"Winkler","year":"1978","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"103804","article-title":"Advanced decay of the Fontvieille porous limestone used in the construction of Pouillon\u2019s housing estates in Algiers (Algeria)","volume":"47","author":"Touloum","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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Naftni Zbornik"}],"container-title":["Heritage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-9408\/7\/10\/263\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:09:01Z","timestamp":1760112541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-9408\/7\/10\/263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["heritage7100263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/heritage7100263","relation":{},"ISSN":["2571-9408"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2571-9408","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]}}}