{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:40:15Z","timestamp":1760146815437,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Communion\u2014Portugal","award":["C644943391-00000051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C644943391-00000051"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heritage"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Portugal\u2019s architecture reflects a rich history influenced by Roman, Moorish, Neoclassical and Romantic styles, with the 20th century marked by Art Deco and colonial influences. Regional styles vary, with white-painted buildings commonly experiencing color changes due to biofilm formation. Visually striking are the red-colored biological patinascommon in the coastal areas. A survey of 120 historical buildings affected by bio-colonization helps to understand the reasons for the patinas\u2019 growing, which beyond natural factors, is often linked to construction defects. A characterization of four samples utilizes Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to identify the microorganisms composing the red biofilm, while the SEM-EDS, FTIR-ATR and XRD techniques provide further insights into the biofilm and substrate features. The comprehensive data of biochemical characterization indicate a wide variety of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, some of which exhibit potential as producers of a UV-tolerant red\/yellow pigment (carotenoid) responsible for the macroscopic coloration of bio-colonization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage7120334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T06:26:12Z","timestamp":1734416772000},"page":"7236-7254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prospection of the Red Biological Patinas Influencing the Urban Scenery Architecture in Portuguese Territory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4183-3370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Sitzia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory & IN2PAST, University of E\u0301vora, Pal\u00e1cio do Vimioso, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 E\u0301vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2179-130X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Lisci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory & IN2PAST, University of E\u0301vora, Pal\u00e1cio do Vimioso, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 E\u0301vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory & IN2PAST, University of E\u0301vora, Pal\u00e1cio do Vimioso, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 E\u0301vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8779-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia Macedo","family":"Arantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory & IN2PAST, University of E\u0301vora, Pal\u00e1cio do Vimioso, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 E\u0301vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5409-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Teresa","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory & IN2PAST, University of E\u0301vora, Pal\u00e1cio do Vimioso, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 E\u0301vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"City U Macau Chair in Sustainable Heritage & Sino-Portugal Joint Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of \u00c9vora, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Caneva, G., Di Stefano, D., Giampaolo, C., Ricci, S., Kwiatkowski, D., and L\u00f6fvendahl, R. 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