{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:21:05Z","timestamp":1760059265607,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["PD\/BD\/52694\/2014","10.54499\/CEECINST\/00102\/2018\/CP1567\/CT0038","UIDB&DP\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDB\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDP\/04559\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04449\/2013","UID\/AGR\/00239\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/52694\/2014","10.54499\/CEECINST\/00102\/2018\/CP1567\/CT0038","UIDB&DP\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDB\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDP\/04559\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04449\/2013","UID\/AGR\/00239\/2013"]}]},{"name":"CEEC INST 2018","award":["PD\/BD\/52694\/2014","10.54499\/CEECINST\/00102\/2018\/CP1567\/CT0038","UIDB&DP\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDB\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDP\/04559\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04449\/2013","UID\/AGR\/00239\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/52694\/2014","10.54499\/CEECINST\/00102\/2018\/CP1567\/CT0038","UIDB&DP\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDB\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDP\/04559\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04449\/2013","UID\/AGR\/00239\/2013"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES\/PIDDAC","award":["PD\/BD\/52694\/2014","10.54499\/CEECINST\/00102\/2018\/CP1567\/CT0038","UIDB&DP\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDB\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDP\/04559\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04449\/2013","UID\/AGR\/00239\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/52694\/2014","10.54499\/CEECINST\/00102\/2018\/CP1567\/CT0038","UIDB&DP\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDB\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDP\/04559\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04449\/2013","UID\/AGR\/00239\/2013"]}]},{"name":"HERCULES","award":["PD\/BD\/52694\/2014","10.54499\/CEECINST\/00102\/2018\/CP1567\/CT0038","UIDB&DP\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDB\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDP\/04559\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04449\/2013","UID\/AGR\/00239\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/52694\/2014","10.54499\/CEECINST\/00102\/2018\/CP1567\/CT0038","UIDB&DP\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDB\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDP\/04559\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04449\/2013","UID\/AGR\/00239\/2013"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia I.P. (FCT)","award":["PD\/BD\/52694\/2014","10.54499\/CEECINST\/00102\/2018\/CP1567\/CT0038","UIDB&DP\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDB\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDP\/04559\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04449\/2013","UID\/AGR\/00239\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/52694\/2014","10.54499\/CEECINST\/00102\/2018\/CP1567\/CT0038","UIDB&DP\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDB\/04559\/2020","10.54499\/UIDP\/04559\/2020","UID\/Multi\/04449\/2013","UID\/AGR\/00239\/2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heritage"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study offers fresh insights into the technical and stylistic exchanges between Flemish and Portuguese panel painting during the late 15th and early 16th centuries. By comparing two contemporaneous works, we trace Flemish influence in Portugal through a detailed materials and techniques analysis. Non-invasive, in situ methods\u2014including energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF), macro-photography (MP), infrared reflectography (IRR), and dendrochronology\u2014were used to examine each painting\u2019s wooden support, ground layer, underdrawing, and pigment stratigraphy. Select micro-sampling analyses\u2014micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (\u03bc-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and micro-Raman spectroscopy (\u00b5-Raman)\u2014provided complementary data on binder and pigment composition. While both paintings share nearly identical pigments and layering sequences and employ comparable coating techniques, their ground compositions differ subtly. Notably, the Flemish work features extensive gold-leaf application, whereas underdrawing execution takes on principal importance in the Portuguese example. Together, these findings reveal that Jorge Afonso\u2019s workshop developed a distinct Portuguese method\u2014rooted in Flemish practices disseminated by Quentin Metsys\u2014yet adapted to local materials and aesthetic priorities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage8060205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T03:57:34Z","timestamp":1749009454000},"page":"205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Flanders to Portugal: A Portuguese Painter in Pursuit of Prestigious Flemish Painting\u2014Materials and Techniques Compared Through an Analytical Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Antunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Jos\u00e9 de Figueiredo, Museus e Monumentos de Portugal, EPE (LJF-MMP, EPE), Janelas Verdes s\/n, 1200-690 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"ARTIS-Instituto Hist\u00f3ria da Arte, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa (ARTIS-IHA\/FLUL), Alameda da Universidade, 1600-214 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Candeias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Jos\u00e9 de Figueiredo, Museus e Monumentos de Portugal, EPE (LJF-MMP, EPE), Janelas Verdes s\/n, 1200-690 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio HERCULES, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-676 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0103-3448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Mir\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio HERCULES, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-676 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2146-7024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Valadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio HERCULES, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-676 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4935-3398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Jos\u00e9 de Figueiredo, Museus e Monumentos de Portugal, EPE (LJF-MMP, EPE), Janelas Verdes s\/n, 1200-690 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museu de Set\u00fabal, Balne\u00e1rio Dr. Paula Borba, 2900-120 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6061-1829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Lauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6957-0701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Manso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Belas-Artes, Universidade de Lisboa, Largo da Academia Nacional de Belas-Artes, 1249-058 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"LIBPhys-UNL, Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"VICARTE, Vidro e Cer\u00e2mica para as Artes, Departamento de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Restauro, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Lu\u00edsa","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBPhys-UNL, Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1017\/S0261340900006871","article-title":"XXVIII.\u2014Remarks on some Pictures of Quintin Matsys and Holbein, in the Collection of the Earl of Radnor, at Longford Castle","volume":"44","author":"Nichols","year":"1874","journal-title":"Archaeologia"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Wanneer het God behaagt, Voortgang. 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