{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T15:59:05Z","timestamp":1774627145786,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project Vine&amp;Wine Portugal\u2014Driving Sustainable Growth Through Smart Innovation","award":["C644866286-00000011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C644866286-00000011"]}]},{"name":"Project Vine&amp;Wine Portugal\u2014Driving Sustainable Growth Through Smart Innovation","award":["2021\/241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/241"]}]},{"name":"Project Vine&amp;Wine Portugal\u2014Driving Sustainable Growth Through Smart Innovation","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"name":"NextGenerationEU","award":["C644866286-00000011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C644866286-00000011"]}]},{"name":"NextGenerationEU","award":["2021\/241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/241"]}]},{"name":"NextGenerationEU","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["C644866286-00000011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C644866286-00000011"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["2021\/241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/241"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horticulturae"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rising temperatures and water scarcity due to climate change are significant challenges for Mediterranean viticulture, particularly in the Douro Valley, a prominent winemaking region. Silicon (Si) has gained attention as a potential solution for mitigating these environmental stresses, especially in areas with limited water resources. This study explores the foliar application of Si as a promising strategy to reduce water requirements in vineyards, specifically for the Touriga Franca variety, thereby supporting more sustainable water use. Four treatments were tested: non-irrigated control (C\u2212), an irrigated control under a deficit irrigation regime (25% ETc; C+), and two Si concentrations (7% Si-Si1 and 20% Si-Si2) applied to non-irrigated plants. Results demonstrate that Si-treated plants improved physiological resilience, as evidenced by enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, greater water-use efficiency, and higher biochemical quality in both leaves and berries. Additionally, Si application increased leaf flavonoids and simultaneously improved must composition due to its overall influence on vine physiology, indicating its potential as a sustainable alternative to irrigation for reducing summer stress. This research suggests that foliar Si application could be a valuable, eco-friendly strategy to support sustainable viticulture under increasingly arid conditions, reducing the irrigation needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae10111224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T11:58:07Z","timestamp":1732017487000},"page":"1224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Foliar Silicon Application in the Era of Climate Change as a Part of Strategy to Reduce Water Requirements in Mediterranean Viticulture"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9612-0909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lia-T\u00e2nia","family":"Dinis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Inov4Agro\u2014Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4071-9805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy Department, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7519-4001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Inov4Agro\u2014Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8280-9027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Castro","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5825-559X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Moutinho-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Inov4Agro\u2014Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2998-814X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Inov4Agro\u2014Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.6248","article-title":"Bioclimatic conditions of the Portuguese wine denominations of origin under changing climates","volume":"40","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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