{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T19:42:22Z","timestamp":1776800542774,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":327,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2013Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID\/04033\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04033\/2025"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024791","name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024791","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003336","name":"Bulgarian National Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["\u041a\u041f-06-\u0414\u0411\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u041a\u041f-06-\u0414\u0411\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horticulturae"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Modern fruit crop production increasingly seeks sustainable strategies to enhance growth, yield, and fruit quality while minimizing environmental impacts. Plant biostimulants\u2014naturally derived substances or beneficial microorganisms, such as seaweed and plant extracts, Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), humic substances, protein hydrolysates, and Si\u2014emerge as promising tools to achieve these goals by stimulating key physiological and biochemical processes. They can improve nutrient uptake and efficiency, modulate hormonal and metabolic pathways, and enhance the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, leading to improved plant vitality and fruit quality. Biostimulants also influence rhizosphere microbial communities and soil health, promoting nutrient cycling, beneficial microbial diversity, and soil structure. This review evaluates the application of biostimulants in fruit crops and their effects on growth, physiology, productivity, fruit quality, both chemical and nutritional composition and physical parameters. Challenges related to variability in efficacy, formulation standardization, and crop-specific responses are discussed, alongside future perspectives on integrating biostimulants into sustainable orchard management. Overall, biostimulants represent multifunctional tools that support both productivity and ecological sustainability in modern fruit production systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae11121452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1764594182000},"page":"1452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Biostimulants in Fruit Crop Production: Impacts on Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5764-024X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berta","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Environment, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0582-8494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"V\u00e2nia","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3415-1539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Environment, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3738-9676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7302-0131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neerakkal","family":"Sujeeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioAtlantis Ltd., Clash Industrial Estate, Tralee, V92 RWV5 County Kerry, Ireland"},{"name":"Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4023 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0887-0927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kieran J.","family":"Guinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioAtlantis Ltd., Clash Industrial Estate, Tralee, V92 RWV5 County Kerry, Ireland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3765","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erz532","article-title":"Molecular Bases of Responses to Abiotic Stress in Trees","volume":"71","author":"Mattera","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5584","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15504","article-title":"Sensing, Adapting and Thriving: How Fruit Crops Combat Abiotic Stresses","volume":"48","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-10-23-0393-KC","article-title":"Mitigating Emerging and Reemerging Diseases of Fruit and Vegetable Crops in a Changing Climate","volume":"114","author":"Miller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, S., Hao, D., Jin, M., Li, Y., Liu, Z., Huang, Y., Chen, T., and Su, Y. (2020). Internal Ammonium Excess Induces ROS-Mediated Reactions and Causes Carbon Scarcity in Rice. BMC Plant Biol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-020-02363-x"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70382","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.70382","article-title":"Genomics Control of Biostimulant-Induced Stress Tolerance and Crop Yield Enhancement","volume":"123","author":"Gechev","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2015.09.021","article-title":"Plant Biostimulants: Definition, Concept, Main Categories and Regulation","volume":"196","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biostimulants Hortic."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricci, M., Tilbury, L., Daridon, B., and Sukalac, K. (2019). General Principles to Justify Plant Biostimulant Claims. Front. Plant Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00494"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baltazar, M., Correia, S., Guinan, K.J., Sujeeth, N., Bragan\u00e7a, R., and Gon\u00e7alves, B. (2021). Recent Advances in the Molecular Effects of Biostimulants in Plants: An Overview. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11081096"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Van Gerrewey, T., and Geelen, D. (2022). A Meta-Analysis of Biostimulant Yield Effectiveness in Field Trials. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.836702"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afonso, S., Oliveira, I., Meyer, A.S., and Gon\u00e7alves, B. (2022). Biostimulants to Improved Tree Physiology and Fruit Quality: A Review with Special Focus on Sweet Cherry. Agronomy, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12030659"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"(2019). European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 2019 Laying Down Rules on the Making Available on the Market of EU Fertilising Products and Amending (Standard No. Regulation (EU) 2019\/1009)."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sujeeth, N., Petrov, V., Guinan, K.J., Rasul, F., O\u2019Sullivan, J.T., and Gechev, T.S. (2022). Current Insights into the Molecular Mode of Action of Seaweed-Based Biostimulants and the Sustainability of Seaweeds as Raw Material Resources. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147654"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kergosien, N., Stiger-Pouvreau, V., Connan, S., Hennequart, F., and Br\u00e9bion, J. (2023). Mini-Review: Brown Macroalgae as a Promising Raw Material to Produce Biostimulants for the Agriculture Sector. Front. Agron., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fagro.2023.1109989"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kerchev, P., van der Meer, T., Sujeeth, N., Verlee, A., Stevens, C.V., Van Breusegem, F., and Gechev, T. (2020). Molecular Priming as an Approach to Induce Tolerance against Abiotic and Oxidative Stresses in Crop Plants. Biotechnol. Adv., 40.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2019.107503"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omidbakhshfard, M.A., Sujeeth, N., Gupta, S., Omranian, N., Guinan, K.J., Brotman, Y., Nikoloski, Z., Fernie, A.R., Mueller-Roeber, B., and Gechev, T.S. (2020). A Biostimulant Obtained from the Seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum Protects Arabidopsis thaliana from Severe Oxidative Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020474"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"European Biostimulants Industry Council (2023). Recent Insights into the Mode of Action of Seaweed-Based Plant Biostimulants, EBIC."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2013.1009.15","article-title":"Discrete Roles for Extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum in Enhancing Plant Growth and Tolerance to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses","volume":"1009","author":"Guinan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreotti, C., Rouphael, Y., Colla, G., and Basile, B. (2022). Rate and Timing of Application of Biostimulant Substances to Enhance Fruit Tree Tolerance toward Environmental Stresses and Fruit Quality. Agronomy, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12030603"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasul, F., Gupta, S., Olas, J.J., Gechev, T., Sujeeth, N., and Mueller-Roeber, B. (2021). Priming with a Seaweed Extract Strongly Improves Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031469"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staykov, N.S., Angelov, M., Petrov, V., Minkov, P., Kanojia, A., Guinan, K.J., Alseekh, S., Fernie, A.R., Sujeeth, N., and Gechev, T.S. (2021). An Ascophyllum nodosum-Derived Biostimulant Protects Model and Crop Plants from Oxidative Stress. Metabolites, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11010024"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sestili, F., Rouphael, Y., Cardarelli, M., Pucci, A., Bonini, P., Canaguier, R., and Colla, G. (2018). Protein Hydrolysate Stimulates Growth in Tomato Coupled with N-Dependent Gene Expression Involved in N Assimilation. Front. Plant Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01233"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., Canaguier, R., Svecova, E., and Cardarelli, M. (2014). Biostimulant Action of a Plant-Derived Protein Hydrolysate Produced through Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Front. Plant Sci., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00448"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colla, G., Hoagland, L., Ruzzi, M., Cardarelli, M., Bonini, P., Canaguier, R., and Rouphael, Y. (2017). Biostimulant Action of Protein Hydrolysates: Unraveling Their Effects on Plant Physiology and Microbiome. Front. Plant Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.02202"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mal\u00e9cange, M., Sergheraert, R., Teulat, B., Mounier, E., Lothier, J., and Sakr, S. (2023). Biostimulant Properties of Protein Hydrolysates: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119714"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhtar, M.S., and Swamy, M.K. (2019). Bio-Active Peptides: Role in Plant Growth and Defense. Natural Bio-Active Compounds: Volume 3: Biotechnology, Bioengineering, and Molecular Approaches, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-7438-8"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, P., Zhao, J., Zhang, W., Guo, Y., and Zhang, K. (2024). Sulfated Peptides: Key Players in Plant Development, Growth, and Stress Responses. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1474111"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2002.594.42","article-title":"Effects of the Rate of Protein Hydrolysis and Spray Concentration on Growth of Potted Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Plants","volume":"594","author":"Qurartieri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2989","article-title":"Enzymatic Vegetable Extract with Bio-Active Components: Influence of Fertiliser on the Colour and Anthocyanins of Red Grapes","volume":"87","author":"Parrado","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2017.09.007","article-title":"Foliar Applications of a Legume-Derived Protein Hydrolysate Elicit Dose-Dependent Increases of Growth, Leaf Mineral Composition, Yield and Fruit Quality in Two Greenhouse Tomato Cultivars","volume":"226","author":"Rouphael","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meggio, F., Trevisan, S., Manoli, A., Ruperti, B., and Quaggiotti, S. (2020). Systematic Investigation of the Effects of a Novel Protein Hydrolysate on the Growth, Physiological Parameters, Fruit Development and Yield of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L., cv Sauvignon Blanc) under Water Stress Conditions. Agronomy, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10111785"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceccarelli, A.V., Miras-Moreno, B., Buffagni, V., Senizza, B., Pii, Y., Cardarelli, M., Rouphael, Y., Colla, G., and Lucini, L. (2021). Foliar Application of Different Vegetal-Derived Protein Hydrolysates Distinctively Modulates Tomato Root Development and Metabolism. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10020326"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2024.105307","article-title":"Unraveling the Impact of Protein Hydrolysates on Rhizosphere Microbial Communities: Source Matters","volume":"196","author":"Costa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70033","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70033","article-title":"The Soil Application of a Plant-Derived Protein Hydrolysate Speeds up Selectively the Ripening-Specific Processes in Table Grape","volume":"177","author":"Peli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1134\/S1064229321120164","article-title":"Humic Substances: Hypotheses and Reality (a Review)","volume":"54","author":"Zavarzina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eurasian Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maffia, A., Oliva, M., Marra, F., Mallamaci, C., Nardi, S., and Muscolo, A. (2025). Humic Substances: Bridging Ecology and Agriculture for a Greener Future. Agronomy, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15020410"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ampong, K., Thilakaranthna, M.S., and Gorim, L.Y. (2022). Understanding the Role of Humic Acids on Crop Performance and Soil Health. Front. Agron., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fagro.2022.848621"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-022-00851-7","article-title":"Integrative Soil Application of Humic Acid and Foliar Plant Growth Stimulants Improves Soil Properties and Wheat Yield and Quality in Nutrient-Poor Sandy Soil of a Semiarid Region","volume":"22","author":"Tahoun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Cheng, X., and Zhang, Y. (2024). The Impact of Humic Acid Fertilizers on Crop Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency: A Meta-Analysis. Agronomy, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14122763"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, P., Zhang, H., Wu, G., Chen, X., Gruda, N., Li, X., Dong, J., and Duan, Z. (2021). Dose-Dependent Application of Straw-Derived Fulvic Acid on Yield and Quality of Tomato Plants Grown in a Greenhouse. Front. Plant Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.736613"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Chen, R., Jiang, Z., Li, H., and Xue, X. (2024). The Combined Application of Urea and Fulvic Acid Regulates Apple Tree Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Improves Anthocyanin Biosynthesis. Agronomy, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14092062"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Li, X., Wang, X., Feng, J., and Zhu, S. (2023). Potassium Fulvic Acid Alleviates Salt Stress of Citrus by Regulating Rhizosphere Microbial Community, Osmotic Substances and Enzyme Activities. Front. Plant Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1161469"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, B., Xue, X., Nie, P., Lu, N., and Wang, L. (2024). Fulvic Acid Alleviates Cadmium-Induced Root Growth Inhibition by Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Carbon\u2013Nitrogen Metabolism in Apple Seedlings. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1370637"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800138-7.00002-4","article-title":"Chapter Two\u2014A Meta-Analysis and Review of Plant-Growth Response to Humic Substances: Practical Implications for Agriculture","volume":"Volume 124","author":"Sparks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advances in Agronomy"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-023-03644-2","article-title":"Biochar Aged or Combined with Humic Substances: Fabrication and Implications for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment-a Review","volume":"24","author":"Rahim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Kumar, A., and Meena, V.S. (2019). Rhizospheric Microbiomes: Biodiversity, Mechanisms of Plant Growth Promotion, and Biotechnological Applications for Sustainable Agriculture. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Agricultural Sustainability: From Theory to Practices, Springer."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah, A., Gao, D., and Wu, F. (2024). Common Mycorrhizal Network: The Predominant Socialist and Capitalist Responses of Possible Plant\u2013Plant and Plant\u2013Microbe Interactions for Sustainable Agriculture. Front. Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1183024"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez, M., Cordero-Bueso, G., Ruiz-Mu\u00f1oz, M., and Cantoral, J.M. (2021). Culturable Yeasts as Biofertilizers and Biopesticides for a Sustainable Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10050822"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, M., Kumar, V., and Prasad, R. (2020). Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Their Action Mechanisms in Availability of Nutrients to Plants. Phyto-Microbiome in Stress Regulation, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-2576-6"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grover, M., Bodhankar, S., Sharma, A., Sharma, P., Singh, J., and Nain, L. (2021). PGPR Mediated Alterations in Root Traits: Way toward Sustainable Crop Production. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2020.618230"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fall, A.F., Nakabonge, G., Ssekandi, J., Founoune-Mboup, H., Apori, S.O., Ndiaye, A., Badji, A., and Ngom, K. (2022). Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soil Fertility: Contribution in the Improvement of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of the Soil. Front. Fungal Biol., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/ffunb.2022.723892"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-020-01420-7","article-title":"Biocontrol Ability and Volatile Organic Compounds Production as a Putative Mode of Action of Yeast Strains Isolated from Organic Grapes and Rye Grains","volume":"113","author":"Dumka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-5214(97)00061-6","article-title":"\u03b2-1,3-Glucanase Activity of Two Saprophytic Yeasts and Possible Mode of Action as Biocontrol Agents against Postharvest Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Castoria","year":"1997","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erad448","article-title":"Unraveling Plant\u2013Microbe Interactions: Can Integrated Omics Approaches Offer Concrete Answers?","volume":"75","author":"Kimotho","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pabar, S.A., Kotrocz\u00f3, Z., Tak\u00e1cs, T., and Bir\u00f3, B. (2024). Evaluating the Efficacy of Selected Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms in Optimizing Plant Growth and Soil Health in Diverse Soil Types. Agriculture, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture14091586"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, S., Akhtar, M.S., Siraj, M., and Zaman, W. (2024). Molecular Communication of Microbial Plant Biostimulants in the Rhizosphere under Abiotic Stress Conditions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212424"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Lorente, S.E., Mart\u00ed-Guill\u00e9n, J.M., Pedre\u00f1o, M.\u00c1., Almagro, L., and Sabater-Jara, A.B. (2024). Higher Plant-Derived Biostimulants: Mechanisms of Action and Their Role in Mitigating Plant Abiotic Stress. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030318"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roque, J., Carvalho, A., Rodrigues, M.\u00c2., Correia, C.M., and Lima-Brito, J. (2024). Assessing the Effect of Plant Biostimulants and Nutrient-Rich Foliar Sprays on Walnut Nucleolar Activity and Protein Content (Juglans regia L.). Horticulturae, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae10040314"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Singh, H.B., and Vaishnav, A. (2022). Chapter 8\u2014Role of Plant Derived Extracts as Biostimulants in Sustainable Agriculture: A Detailed Study on Research Advances, Bottlenecks and Future Prospects. New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.04.100","article-title":"Effect of Vine Foliar Treatments on the Varietal Aroma of Monastrell Wines","volume":"163","author":"Zalacain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puglia, D., Pezzolla, D., Gigliotti, G., Torre, L., Bartucca, M.L., and Del Buono, D. (2021). The Opportunity of Valorizing Agricultural Waste, through Its Conversion into Biostimulants, Biofertilizers, and Biopolymers. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13052710"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00edm\u00e9nez-Arias, D., Morales-Sierra, S., Silva, P., Carr\u00ealo, H., Gon\u00e7alves, A., Ganan\u00e7a, J.F., Nunes, N., Gouveia, C.S.S., Alves, S., and Borges, J.P. (2023). Encapsulation with Natural Polymers to Improve the Properties of Biostimulants in Agriculture. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12010055"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ju\u00e1rez-Maldonado, A., Ortega-Ort\u00edz, H., Morales-D\u00edaz, A.B., Gonz\u00e1lez-Morales, S., Morelos-Moreno, \u00c1., Cabrera-De la Fuente, M., Sandoval-Rangel, A., Cadenas-Pliego, G., and Benavides-Mendoza, A. (2019). Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials as Plant Biostimulants. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010162"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakthivel, A., Chandrasekaran, R., Balasubramaniam, S., Sathyanarayanan, H., Gnanajothi, K., and T, S. (2025). Nanomaterials as Potential Plant Growth Modulators: Applications, Mechanism of Uptake, and Toxicity: A Comprehensive Review. BioNanoScience, 15.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-024-01648-x"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2013.01.003","article-title":"Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts","volume":"31","author":"Mittal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramzan, M., Parveen, M., Naz, G., Sharif, H.M.A., Nazim, M., Aslam, S., Hussain, A., Rahimi, M., and Alamer, K.H. (2024). Enhancing Physio-Biochemical Characteristics in Okra Genotypes through Seed Priming with Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized from Halophytic Plant Extracts. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-74129-6"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahakham, W., Sarmah, A.K., Maensiri, S., and Theerakulpisut, P. (2017). Nanopriming Technology for Enhancing Germination and Starch Metabolism of Aged Rice Seeds Using Phytosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08669-5"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stress.2025.100934","article-title":"Halophyte-Derived Nanoparticles and Biostimulants for Sustainable Crop Production under Abiotic Stresses","volume":"17","author":"Agrawal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Stress"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2023.112491","article-title":"A Novel Biostimulant from Chitosan Nanoparticles and Microalgae-Based Protein Hydrolysate: Improving Crop Performance in Tomato","volume":"323","author":"Munaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2024.2416925","article-title":"Bio-Stimulant in Improving Crop Yield and Soil Health","volume":"56","author":"Rajesaheb","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, M., Subahan, G.M., Sharma, S., Singh, G., Sharma, N., Sharma, U., and Kumar, V. (2025). Enhancing Horticultural Sustainability in the Face of Climate Change: Harnessing Biostimulants for Environmental Stress Alleviation in Crops. Stresses, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/stresses5010023"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahammed, G.J., and Zhou, J. (2025). Non-Microbial Biostimulants for Quality Improvement in Fruit and Leafy Vegetables. Growth Regulation and Quality Improvement of Vegetable Crops: Physiological and Molecular Features, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-0169-1"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asif, A., Ali, M., Qadir, M., Karthikeyan, R., Singh, Z., Khangura, R., Di Gioia, F., and Ahmed, Z.F. (2023). Enhancing Crop Resilience by Harnessing the Synergistic Effects of Biostimulants against Abiotic Stress. Front. Plant Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1276117"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bulgari, R., Franzoni, G., and Ferrante, A. (2019). Biostimulants Application in Horticultural Crops under Abiotic Stress Conditions. Agronomy, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy9060306"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-023-11144-3","article-title":"Biostimulants: The Futuristic Sustainable Approach for Alleviating Crop Productivity and Abiotic Stress Tolerance","volume":"43","author":"Johnson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melini, F., Melini, V., Luziatelli, F., Abou Jaoud\u00e9, R., Ficca, A.G., and Ruzzi, M. (2023). Effect of Microbial Plant Biostimulants on Fruit and Vegetable Quality: Current Research Lines and Future Perspectives. Front. Plant Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1251544"},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Longnecker, N. (1994). Nutrient Deficiencies and Vegetative Growth, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., and Ruan, Y.-L. (2013). Regulation of Cell Division and Expansion by Sugar and Auxin Signaling. Front. Plant Sci., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2013.00163"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhat, N.R., Bhatt, A., and Suleiman, M.K. (2024). Physiology of Growth and Development in Horticultural Plants, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/b23316"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carneiro, A.K., Montessoro, P.D., Fusaro, A.F., Ara\u00fajo, B.G., and Hemerly, A.S. (2021). Plant CDKs\u2014Driving the Cell Cycle through Climate Change. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10091804"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10535-011-0031-9","article-title":"Cyclin Dependent Kinases and Their Role in Regulation of Plant Cell Cycle","volume":"55","author":"Tank","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14357","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.14357","article-title":"Unravelling the Biostimulant Activity of a Protein Hydrolysate in Lettuce Plants under Optimal and Low N Availability: A Multi-Omics Approach","volume":"176","author":"Monterisi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-016-1948-4","article-title":"Expansins: Roles in Plant Growth and Potential Applications in Crop Improvement","volume":"35","author":"Marowa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, Y., Wang, L., Li, D., Qi, D., Fang, F., Luo, Y., Zhang, H., and Zhang, S. (2024). Genome-Wide Characterization of the Xyloglucan Endotransglucosylase\/Hydrolase Family Genes and Their Response to Plant Hormone in Sugar Beet. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 206.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2023.108239"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Sario, L., Boeri, P., Matus, J.T., and Pizzio, G.A. (2025). Plant Biostimulants to Enhance Abiotic Stress Resilience in Crops. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031129"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stress.2025.100802","article-title":"Can Biostimulants Enhance Plant Resilience to Heat and Water Stress in the Mediterranean Hotspot?","volume":"16","author":"Carillo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Stress"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2020.01.008","article-title":"Vacuole Biogenesis in Plants: How Many Vacuoles, How Many Models?","volume":"25","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecofro.2024.07.008","article-title":"Photosynthesis Efficiency as Key Factor in Decision-Making for Forest Design and Redesign: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"44","author":"Sembada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Front."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rostocki, A., Wieczorek, D., Pipiak, P., and \u0141awi\u0144ska, K. (2024). Use of Biostimulants in Energy Crops as a New Approach for the Improvement of Performance Sequestration CO2. Energies, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/en17122881"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mosa, W.F., Sas-Paszt, L., Gornik, K., Ali, H.M., and Salem, M.Z. (2021). Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Maamoura as Affected by Some Biostimulants. Bioresources, 16.","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.16.4.7379-7399"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nephali, L., Piater, L.A., Dubery, I.A., Patterson, V., Huyser, J., Burgess, K., and Tugizimana, F. (2020). Biostimulants for Plant Growth and Mitigation of Abiotic Stresses: A Metabolomics Perspective. Metabolites, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10120505"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossain, M.M., Sultana, F., Khan, S., Nayeema, J., Mostafa, M., Ferdus, H., Tran, L.-S.P., and Mostofa, M.G. (2024). Carrageenans as Biostimulants and Bio-Elicitors: Plant Growth and Defense Responses. Stress Biol., 4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s44154-023-00143-9"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mosa, W.F.A., Sas-Paszt, L., G\u0142uszek, S., G\u00f3rnik, K., Anjum, M.A., Saleh, A.A., Abada, H.S., and Awad, R.M. (2023). Effect of Some Biostimulants on the Vegetative Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality Attributes and Nutritional Status of Apple. Horticulturae, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9010032"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soppelsa, S., Kelderer, M., Casera, C., Bassi, M., Robatscher, P., Matteazzi, A., and Andreotti, C. (2019). Foliar Applications of Biostimulants Promote Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Strawberry Plants Grown under Nutrient Limitation. Agronomy, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy9090483"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5978","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.19.3.5978-5993","article-title":"Amino Acids as Safe Biostimulants to Improve the Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Peach","volume":"19","author":"Saad","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almutairi, K.F., G\u00f3rnik, K., Ayoub, A., Abada, H.S., and Mosa, W.F.A. (2023). Performance of Mango Trees under the Spraying of Some Biostimulants. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su152115543"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almutairi, K.F., Sas-Paszt, L., and Mosa, W.F.A. (2024). The Role of Some Biostimulants in Improving the Productivity of Orange. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16167131"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17815","article-title":"Improvement of Rooting and Growth in Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Cuttings with Organic Biostimulants","volume":"9","author":"Dutta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21423","DOI":"10.1002\/csc2.21423","article-title":"BC204, a Citrus-Based Plant Extract, Stimulates Plant Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum through Regulation and Signaling","volume":"65","author":"Loubser","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez-Alonso, A., Yepes-Molina, L., Guarnizo, A.L., and Carvajal, M. (2023). Modification of Gene Expression of Tomato Plants through Foliar Flavonoid Application in Relation to Enhanced Growth. Genes, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202310.0983.v1"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuentes, L., Figueroa, C.R., and Valdenegro, M. (2019). Recent Advances in Hormonal Regulation and Cross-Talk during Non-Climacteric Fruit Development and Ripening. Horticulturae, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae5020045"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-024-06201-9","article-title":"A Review on Exploring the Efficiency of Plant Hormones on Fruitfulness of Perishables","volume":"6","author":"Ashtalakshmi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yakhin, O., Lubyanov, A., Yakhin, I., and Brown, P. (2017). Biostimulants in Plant Science: A Global Perspective. Front. Plant Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.02049"},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"539","article-title":"From Cell Division to Stress Tolerance: The Versatile Roles of Cytokinins in Plants","volume":"94","author":"Neto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phyton-Int. J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sosnowski, J., Truba, M., and Vasileva, V. (2023). The Impact of Auxin and Cytokinin on the Growth and Development of Selected Crops. Agriculture, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13030724"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7000","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erad325","article-title":"Auxin and Abiotic Stress Responses","volume":"74","author":"Jing","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, J., Zhuang, S., and Zhang, W. (2024). Advances in Plant Auxin Biology: Synthesis, Metabolism, Signaling, Interaction with Other Hormones, and Roles under Abiotic Stress. Plants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13172523"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, J., Zhou, J.-J., and Zhang, J.-Z. (2018). Aux\/IAA Gene Family in Plants: Molecular Structure, Regulation, and Function. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010259"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2024.06.011","article-title":"Advances in the Study of Auxin Early Response Genes: Aux\/IAA, GH3, and SAUR","volume":"12","author":"Bao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crop J."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S.-B., Xie, Z.-Z., Hu, C.-G., and Zhang, J.-Z. (2016). A Review of Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) in Plants. Front. Plant Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00047"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, L., Yahaya, B.S., Li, J., and Wu, F. (2024). Enigmatic Role of Auxin Response Factors in Plant Growth and Stress Tolerance. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1398818"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2021.113039","article-title":"The GH3 Amidosynthetases Family and Their Role in Metabolic Crosstalk Modulation of Plant Signaling Compounds","volume":"194","author":"Wojtaczka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2015.05.003","article-title":"SAUR Proteins as Effectors of Hormonal and Environmental Signals in Plant Growth","volume":"8","author":"Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ery332","article-title":"The SAUR Gene Family: The Plant\u2019s Toolbox for Adaptation of Growth and Development","volume":"70","author":"Stortenbeker","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, B., Tang, Z., Li, X., Li, J., Zhang, M., Zhao, K., Liu, H., Zhang, S., and Wu, J. (2020). Mining and Evolution Analysis of Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain (LBD) Genes in Chinese White Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). BMC Genomics, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-06999-9"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, J., Hou, Z., Liao, J., Qin, Y., Wang, L., Wang, X., Su, W., Cai, Z., Fang, Y., and Aslam, M. (2022). Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of LBD Transcription Factor Genes in Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094700"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u0159e\u010dek, P., Sk\u016fpa, P., Libus, J., Naramoto, S., Tejos, R., Friml, J., and Za\u017e\u00edmalov\u00e1, E. (2009). The PIN-FORMED (PIN) Protein Family of Auxin Transporters. Genome Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2009-10-12-249"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.18699\/VJ21.005","article-title":"The Auxin Signaling Pathway to Its PIN Transporters: Insights Based on a Meta-Analysis of Auxin-Induced Transcriptomes","volume":"25","author":"Kovrizhnykh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vavilov J. Genet. Breed."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, O., Ramsubhag, A., and Jayaraman, J. (2021). Biostimulant Properties of Seaweed Extracts in Plants: Implications towards Sustainable Crop Production. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10030531"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0168","DOI":"10.1199\/tab.0168","article-title":"Cytokinins","volume":"12","author":"Kieber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arab. Book"},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cytokinin and the Cell Cycle","volume":"21","author":"Schaller","year":"2014","journal-title":"SI Cell Signal. Gene Regul."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe2305","article-title":"Molecular Mechanism of Cytokinin-Activated Cell Division in Arabidopsis","volume":"371","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.041426","article-title":"STIMPY Mediates Cytokinin Signaling during Shoot Meristem Establishment in Arabidopsis Seedlings","volume":"137","author":"Skylar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.17024","article-title":"The WOX9-WUS Modules Are Indispensable for the Maintenance of Stem Cell Homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13603","article-title":"Isopentenyltransferases as Master Regulators of Crop Performance: Their Function, Manipulation, and Genetic Potential for Stress Adaptation and Yield Improvement","volume":"19","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, A., Prakash, S., and Chattopadhyay, D. (2022). Killing Two Birds with a Single Stone\u2014Genetic Manipulation of Cytokinin Oxidase\/Dehydrogenase (CKX) Genes for Enhancing Crop Productivity and Amelioration of Drought Stress Response. Front. Genet., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.941595"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rhisph.2023.100815","article-title":"A Bacillus velezensis Strain Improves Growth and Root System Development in Arabidopsis Thaliana through Cytokinin Signaling","volume":"28","author":"Flores","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rhizosphere"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castro-Camba, R., S\u00e1nchez, C., Vidal, N., and Vielba, J.M. (2022). Plant Development and Crop Yield: The Role of Gibberellins. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11192650"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ritonga, F.N., Zhou, D., Zhang, Y., Song, R., Li, C., Li, J., and Gao, J. (2023). The Roles of Gibberellins in Regulating Leaf Development. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12061243"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.107.100370","article-title":"Mechanisms of Cross Talk between Gibberellin and Other Hormones","volume":"144","author":"Weiss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vandenbussche, F., Fierro, A.C., Wiedemann, G., Reski, R., and Van Der Straeten, D. (2007). Evolutionary Conservation of Plant Gibberellin Signalling Pathway Components. BMC Plant Biol., 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-7-65"},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"9","article-title":"Understanding Gibberellic Acid Signaling\u2014Are We There Yet?","volume":"11","author":"Schwechheimer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Growth Dev."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwechheimer, C. (2012). Gibberellin Signaling in Plants\u2014The Extended Version. Front. Plant Sci., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2011.00107"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbas, M., Imran, F., Iqbal Khan, R., Zafar-ul-Hye, M., Rafique, T., Jameel Khan, M., Taban, S., Danish, S., and Datta, R. (2020). Gibberellic Acid Induced Changes on Growth, Yield, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Peroxidase in Fruits of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Horticulturae, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae6040072"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asad, M.A., Zakari, S.A., Zhao, Q., Zhou, L., Ye, Y., and Cheng, F. (2019). Abiotic Stresses Intervene with ABA Signaling to Induce Destructive Metabolic Pathways Leading to Death: Premature Leaf Senescence in Plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020256"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abhilasha, A., and Choudhury, S.R. (2021). Molecular and Physiological Perspectives of Abscisic Acid Mediated Drought Adjustment Strategies. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10122769"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, J., Lim, C.W., and Lee, S.C. (2022). Core Components of Abscisic Acid Signaling and Their Post-Translational Modification. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.895698"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16713","article-title":"ABI5 Modulates Seed Germination via Feedback Regulation of the Expression of the PYR\/PYL\/RCAR ABA Receptor Genes","volume":"228","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s43897-021-00006-9","article-title":"Leaf Senescence: Progression, Regulation, and Application","volume":"1","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaller, G.E. (2012). Ethylene and the Regulation of Plant Development. BMC Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-10-9"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iqbal, N., Khan, N.A., Ferrante, A., Trivellini, A., Francini, A., and Khan, M.I.R. (2017). Ethylene Role in Plant Growth, Development and Senescence: Interaction with Other Phytohormones. Front. Plant Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00475"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/stresses4010003","article-title":"Role of Ethylene in the Regulation of Plant Developmental Processes","volume":"4","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stresses"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houben, M., and Poel, B.V. (2019). de 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase (ACO): The Enzyme That Makes the Plant Hormone Ethylene. Front. Plant Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00695"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, S., Alvi, A.F., Saify, S., Iqbal, N., and Khan, N.A. (2024). The Ethylene Biosynthetic Enzymes, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate (ACC) Synthase (ACS) and ACC Oxidase (ACO): The Less Explored Players in Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Biomolecules, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202401.0599.v1"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.26353\/j.itahort\/2021.1.8899","article-title":"Natural Biostimulants as Upscale Substitutes to Synthetic Hormones for Boosting Tomato Yield and Fruits Quality","volume":"28","author":"Rouphael","year":"2021","journal-title":"Italus Hortus"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.126713","article-title":"Quality Preservation of Sweet Cherry cv. \u201cstaccato\u201d by Using Glycine-Betaine or Ascophyllum nodosum","volume":"322","author":"Morais","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes, T., Silva, A.P., Ribeiro, C., Carvalho, R., Aires, A., Vicente, A.A., and Gon\u00e7alves, B. (2024). Ecklonia maxima and Glycine\u2013Betaine-Based Biostimulants Improve Blueberry Yield and Quality. Horticulturae, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae10090920"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardarelli, M., El Chami, A., Rouphael, Y., Ciriello, M., Bonini, P., Erice, G., Cirino, V., Basile, B., Corrado, G., and Choi, S. (2024). Plant Biostimulants as Natural Alternatives to Synthetic Auxins in Strawberry Production: Physiological and Metabolic Insights. Front. Plant Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1337926"},{"key":"ref_148","first-page":"359","article-title":"Use of Biostimulants in Fruit Crop Enhancement","volume":"6","author":"Nishchala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biot. Res. Today"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2015.08.037","article-title":"Protein Hydrolysates as Biostimulants in Horticulture","volume":"196","author":"Colla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biostimulants Hortic."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.17981\/ladee.04.01.2023.3","article-title":"Use of Biostimulants in Fruiting Crops\u2019 Sustainable Management: A Narrative Review","volume":"4","author":"Barreto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Laddee"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paskovi\u0107, I., Popovi\u0107, L., Pongrac, P., Poli\u0107 Paskovi\u0107, M., Kos, T., Jovanov, P., and Frani\u0107, M. (2024). Protein Hydrolysates\u2014Production, Effects on Plant Metabolism, and Use in Agriculture. Horticulturae, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae10101041"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plgene.2022.100357","article-title":"Passion Fruit Plants Treated with Biostimulants Induce Defense-Related and Phytohormone-Associated Genes","volume":"30","author":"Olivares","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Gene"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s44187-022-00009-5","article-title":"Microbiome Engineering and Plant Biostimulants for Sustainable Crop Improvement and Mitigation of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses","volume":"2","author":"Lau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Discov. Food"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, X., Zhou, X., Chen, H., Tang, M., and Xie, X. (2021). Cross-Talks between Macro- and Micronutrient Uptake and Signaling in Plants. Front. Plant Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.663477"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.114.245225","article-title":"von Root Nutrient Foraging","volume":"166","author":"Giehl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez, G., Ahmadi, S.H., Amelung, W., Athmann, M., Ewert, F., Gaiser, T., Gocke, M.I., Kautz, T., Postma, J., and Rachmilevitch, S. (2023). Nutrient Deficiency Effects on Root Architecture and Root-to-Shoot Ratio in Arable Crops. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1067498"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.51470\/PSA.2021.6.1.05","article-title":"The Role of Plant Roots in Nutrient Uptake and Soil Health","volume":"6","author":"Shanmugam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Sci. Arch."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2022.04.024","article-title":"Root Penetration Ability and Plant Growth in Agroecosystems","volume":"183","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-009-9103-x","article-title":"Seaweed Extracts as Biostimulants of Plant Growth and Development","volume":"28","author":"Khan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s44279-024-00149-5","article-title":"Biostimulants for Sustainable Development of Agriculture: A Bibliometric Content Analysis","volume":"3","author":"Meena","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Agric."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2024.113312","article-title":"A Review of Seaweed Extract\u2019s Potential as a Biostimulant to Enhance Growth and Mitigate Stress in Horticulture Crops","volume":"334","author":"Mughunth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2015.09.013","article-title":"Humic and Fulvic Acids as Biostimulants in Horticulture","volume":"196","author":"Canellas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-014-2131-8","article-title":"Agricultural Uses of Plant Biostimulants","volume":"383","author":"Calvo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.18520\/cs\/v128\/i1\/25-30","article-title":"Exploring the Role of Biostimulants in Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"128","author":"Suman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2024.02.010","article-title":"Plasma Membrane H+-ATPases in Mineral Nutrition and Crop Improvement","volume":"29","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canellas, L.P., and Olivares, F.L. (2014). Physiological Responses to Humic Substances as Plant Growth Promoter. Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric., 1.","DOI":"10.1186\/2196-5641-1-3"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, Z.H., Rehman, H.M., Akhtar, T., Alsamadany, H., Hamooh, B.T., Mujtaba, T., Daur, I., Al Zahrani, Y., Alzahrani, H.A.S., and Ali, S. (2018). Humic Substances: Determining Potential Molecular Regulatory Processes in Plants. Front. Plant Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00263"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zanin, L., Tomasi, N., Cesco, S., Varanini, Z., and Pinton, R. (2019). Humic Substances Contribute to Plant Iron Nutrition Acting as Chelators and Biostimulants. Front. Plant Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00675"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nardi, S., Schiavon, M., and Francioso, O. (2021). Chemical Structure and Biological Activity of Humic Substances Define Their Role as Plant Growth Promoters. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082256"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcu156","article-title":"Strategies for Optimization of Mineral Nutrient Transport in Plants: Multilevel Regulation of Nutrient-Dependent Dynamics of Root Architecture and Transporter Activity","volume":"55","author":"Aibara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2021.12.004","article-title":"Nutrient\u2013Hormone Relations: Driving Root Plasticity in Plants","volume":"15","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.agron.2014.10.001","article-title":"The Use of Biostimulants for Enhancing Nutrient Uptake","volume":"130","author":"Halpern","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Agron."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s44279-025-00177-9","article-title":"Harnessing Biostimulants for Sustainable Agriculture: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Prospects","volume":"3","author":"Khoulati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Agric."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muratore, C., Espen, L., and Prinsi, B. (2021). Nitrogen Uptake in Plants: The Plasma Membrane Root Transport Systems from a Physiological and Proteomic Perspective. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10040681"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao, D.-L., Zhou, J.-Y., Yang, S.-Y., Qi, W., Yang, K.-J., and Su, Y.-H. (2020). Function and Regulation of Ammonium Transporters in Plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103557"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcab011","article-title":"Phosphate Uptake and Transport in Plants: An Elaborate Regulatory System","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ragel, P., Raddatz, N., Leidi, E.O., Quintero, F.J., and Pardo, J.M. (2019). Regulation of K+ Nutrition in Plants. Front. Plant Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00281"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4075","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erz132","article-title":"Sulfate Transport Systems in Plants: Functional Diversity and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Regulatory Coordination","volume":"70","author":"Takahashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1039\/C7MT00136C","article-title":"Iron Homeostasis in Plants\u2014A Brief Overview","volume":"9","author":"Connorton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saleem, M.H., Usman, K., Rizwan, M., Al Jabri, H., and Alsafran, M. (2022). Functions and Strategies for Enhancing Zinc Availability in Plants for Sustainable Agriculture. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1033092"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Decros, G., Baldet, P., Beauvoit, B., Stevens, R., Flandin, A., Colombi\u00e9, S., Gibon, Y., and P\u00e9triacq, P. (2019). Get the Balance Right: ROS Homeostasis and Redox Signalling in Fruit. Front. Plant Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.01091"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumanovi\u0107, J., Nepovimova, E., Nati\u0107, M., Ku\u010da, K., and Ja\u0107evi\u0107, V. (2021). The Significance of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense System in Plants: A Concise Overview. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.552969"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, M., Ali, S., Al Azzawi, T.N., Saqib, S., Ullah, F., Ayaz, A., and Zaman, W. (2023). The Key Roles of ROS and RNS as a Signaling Molecule in Plant\u2013Microbe Interactions. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020268"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zandi, P., and Schnug, E. (2022). Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Responses and Implications from a Microbial Modulation Perspective. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11020155"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, N., Jiang, C., Chen, L., Paul, A., Chatterjee, A., and Shen, G. (2023). Achieving Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants through Antioxidative Defense Mechanisms. Front. Plant Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1110622"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rao, M.J., Duan, M., Zhou, C., Jiao, J., Cheng, P., Yang, L., Wei, W., Shen, Q., Ji, P., and Yang, Y. (2025). Antioxidant Defense System in Plants: Reactive Oxygen Species Production, Signaling, and Scavenging during Abiotic Stress-Induced Oxidative Damage. Horticulturae, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae11050477"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(96)10048-0","article-title":"Multiple Roles of MAP Kinases in Plant Signal Transduction","volume":"2","author":"Hirt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313x.2000.00902.x","article-title":"Oxidative Burst and Cognate Redox Signalling Reported by Luciferase Imaging: Identification of a Signal Network That Functions Independently of Ethylene, SA and Me-JA but Is Dependent on MAPKK Activity","volume":"24","author":"Grant","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/07352680590910410","article-title":"Drought and Salt Tolerance in Plants","volume":"24","author":"Bartels","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.5.4.10793","article-title":"ROS Signaling in the Hypersensitive Response","volume":"5","author":"Zurbriggen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2014.07.009","article-title":"ABA-Dependent and ABA-Independent Signaling in Response to Osmotic Stress in Plants","volume":"21","author":"Yoshida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soma, F., Takahashi, F., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K., and Shinozaki, K. (2021). Cellular Phosphorylation Signaling and Gene Expression in Drought Stress Responses: ABA-Dependent and ABA-Independent Regulatory Systems. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10040756"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huchzermeyer, B., Menghani, E., Khardia, P., and Shilu, A. (2022). Metabolic Pathway of Natural Antioxidants, Antioxidant Enzymes and ROS Providence. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040761"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4532-5","article-title":"Superoxide Dismutase\u2014Mentor of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants","volume":"22","author":"Gill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.21949","article-title":"Role of Proline under Changing Environments","volume":"7","author":"Hayat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akram, N.A., Shafiq, F., and Ashraf, M. (2017). Ascorbic Acid-a Potential Oxidant Scavenger and Its Role in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Front. Plant Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00613"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-017-0422-2","article-title":"Glutathione in Plants: Biosynthesis and Physiological Role in Environmental Stress Tolerance","volume":"23","author":"Hasanuzzaman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srivastava, R. (2021). Physicochemical, Antioxidant Properties of Carotenoids and Its Optoelectronic and Interaction Studies with Chlorophyll Pigments. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97747-w"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-021-03350-x","article-title":"Tocopherol as Plant Protector: An Overview of Tocopherol Biosynthesis Enzymes and Their Role as Antioxidant and Signaling Molecules","volume":"44","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudenko, N.N., Vetoshkina, D.V., Marenkova, T.V., and Borisova-Mubarakshina, M.M. (2023). Antioxidants of Non-Enzymatic Nature: Their Function in Higher Plant Cells and the Ways of Boosting Their Biosynthesis. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202310.2051.v1"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazakov, P., Alseekh, S., Ivanova, V., and Gechev, T. (2024). Biostimulant-Based Molecular Priming Improves Crop Quality and Enhances Yield of Raspberry and Strawberry Fruits. Metabolites, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14110594"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stress.2024.100692","article-title":"Physiological and Molecular Insights into the Effect of a Seaweed Biostimulant on Enhancing Fruit Yield and Drought Tolerance in Tomato","volume":"14","author":"Kanojia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Stress"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2024.113454","article-title":"Seaweed-Based Biostimulants Improves Quality Traits, Postharvest Disorders, and Antioxidant Properties of Sweet Cherry Fruit and in Response to Gibberellic Acid Treatment","volume":"336","author":"Zhi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2018.04.055","article-title":"Effects of Plant Biostimulants on Fruit Set, Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality Attributes of \u2018Orange Rubis\u00ae\u2019 Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Cultivar in Two Consecutive Years","volume":"239","author":"Tarantino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2016.07.032","article-title":"Foliar Application of Moringa Leaf Extract, Potassium and Zinc Influence Yield and Fruit Quality of \u2018Kinnow\u2019 Mandarin","volume":"210","author":"Nasir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soppelsa, S., Kelderer, M., Casera, C., Bassi, M., Robatscher, P., and Andreotti, C. (2018). Use of Biostimulants for Organic Apple Production: Effects on Tree Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality at Harvest and during Storage. Front. Plant Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01342"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mulet, J.M., Campos, F., and Yenush, L. (2020). Editorial: Ion Homeostasis in Plant Stress and Development. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.618273"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Arias, D., Garc\u00eda-Machado, F.J., Morales-Sierra, S., Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda, A.L., Herrera, A.J., Vald\u00e9s, F., Luis, J.C., and Borges, A.A. (2021). A Beginner\u2019s Guide to Osmoprotection by Biostimulants. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10020363"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2016.01.013","article-title":"Beneficial Microbes Affect Endogenous Mechanisms Controlling Root Development","volume":"21","author":"Verbon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EL Boukhari, M.E., Barakate, M., Bouhia, Y., and Lyamlouli, K. (2020). Trends in Seaweed Extract Based Biostimulants: Manufacturing Process and Beneficial Effect on Soil-Plant Systems. Plants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9030359"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mickan, B.S., Alsharmani, A.R., Solaiman, Z.M., Leopold, M., and Abbott, L.K. (2021). Plant-Dependent Soil Bacterial Responses Following Amendment with a Multispecies Microbial Biostimulant Compared to Rock Mineral and Chemical Fertilizers. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.550169"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03572-22","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03572-22","article-title":"Bio-Organic Fertilizer Promotes Pear Yield by Shaping the Rhizosphere Microbiome Composition and Functions","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novello, G., Bona, E., Nasuelli, M., Massa, N., Sudiro, C., Campana, D.C., Gorrasi, S., Hochart, M.L., Altissimo, A., and Vuolo, F. (2024). The Impact of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria-Based Biostimulant Alone or in Combination with Commercial Inoculum on Tomato Native Rhizosphere Microbiota and Production: An Open-Field Trial. Biology, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13060400"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2018.02.013","article-title":"Responses of Soil Microbial Communities to a Short-Term Application of Seaweed Fertilizer Revealed by Deep Amplicon Sequencing","volume":"125","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2016.04.003","article-title":"Effects of Seaweed Fertilizer on the Growth of Malus Hupehensis Rehd. Seedlings, Soil Enzyme Activities and Fungal Communities under Replant Condition","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Biol."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.09.003","article-title":"Waste Seaweed Compost and Rhizosphere Bacteria Pseudomonas koreensis Promote Tomato Seedlings Growth by Benefiting Properties, Enzyme Activities and Rhizosphere Bacterial Community in Coastal Saline Soil of Yellow River Delta, China","volume":"172","author":"Shang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-012-9690-6","article-title":"Arbuscular Mycorrhizas Alter Root System Architecture of Citrus Tangerine through Regulating Metabolism of Endogenous Polyamines","volume":"68","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_218","first-page":"207","article-title":"Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas to Glomalin-Related Soil Protein, Soil Organic Carbon and Aggregate Stability in Citrus Rhizosphere","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Biol."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Q., Zhou, W., Zeng, Z., Wang, N., Huang, Y., Cheng, H., Huang, Q., Liu, J., Liu, F., and Liao, H. (2024). Microbial and Organic Manure Fertilization Alters Rhizosphere Bacteria and Carotenoids of Citrus reticulata Blanco \u2018Orah\u2019. BMC Microbiol., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03607-8"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2020.109330","article-title":"Appraisal of Emerging Crop Management Opportunities in Fruit Trees, Grapevines and Berry Crops Facilitated by the Application of Biostimulants","volume":"267","author":"Basile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rana, V.S., Sharma, S., Rana, N., and Sharma, U. (2022). Sustainable Production through Biostimulants under Fruit Orchards. CABI Agric. Biosci., 3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s43170-022-00102-w"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rana, V.S., Sharma, V., Sharma, S., Rana, N., Kumar, V., Sharma, U., Almutairi, K.F., Avila-Quezada, G.D., Abd_Allah, E.F., and Gudeta, K. (2023). Seaweed Extract as a Biostimulant Agent to Enhance the Fruit Growth, Yield, and Quality of Kiwifruit. Horticulturae, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9040432"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s43393-023-00182-3","article-title":"An Overview of Biostimulant Activity and Plant Responses under Abiotic and Biotic Stress Conditions","volume":"4","author":"Alvarez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Syst. Microbiol. Biomanufacturing"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s40626-024-00329-0","article-title":"Biostimulants: Paving Way towards Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security","volume":"36","author":"Bisht","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-020-01125-3","article-title":"Nanofertilizers for Sustainable Fruit Production: A Review","volume":"19","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e-072","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-29452019072","article-title":"Fruit Set and Yield of Apple Trees cv. Gala Treated with Seaweed Extract of Ascophyllum nodosum and Thidiazuron","volume":"41","author":"Ayub","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Frutic."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zydlik, P., Zydlik, Z., and Kafkas, N.E. (2024). The Effect of the Foliar Application of Biostimulants in a Strawberry Field Plantation on the Yield and Quality of Fruit, and on the Content of Health-Beneficial Substances. Agronomy, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14081786"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-021-02423-1","article-title":"Effect of Seaweed Extract Application on Wine Grape Yield in Australia","volume":"33","author":"Arioli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ureta Ovalle, A., Atenas, C., and Larra\u00c3-n, P. (2019, January 28). Application of an Ecklonia maxima Seaweed Product at Two Different Timings Can Improve the Fruit Set and Yield in \u201cBing\u201d Sweet Cherry Trees. Proceedings of the Acta Horticulturae, International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium.","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2019.1235.44"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0130mrak, B., Kafkas, N.E., \u00c7\u00f6mlek\u00e7io\u011flu, S., Bilgin, \u00d6.F., G\u00f6lc\u00fc, A.E., Burgut, A., Attar, \u015e.H., K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckyumuk, C., and K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckyumuk, Z. (2025). A Comparative Study of Dormex\u00ae and Biostimulant Effects on Dormancy Release, Productivity, and Quality in \u2018Royal Tioga\u00ae\u2019 Sweet Cherry Trees (Prunus avium L.). Horticulturae, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae11030250"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI18039-24","article-title":"Biostimulants Alleviate Heat Stress in Organic Hydroponic Tomato Cultivation: A Sustainable Approach","volume":"60","author":"Dash","year":"2025","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"ref_232","first-page":"189","article-title":"The Effect of Relative Humidity and the Use of Algae-Based Biostimulants on Fruit Set, Yield and Fruit Size of Arctic Bramble (Rubus arcticus)","volume":"33","author":"Tommila","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agric. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-023-02933-0","article-title":"Effect of Seaweed Extract on Avocado Root Growth, Yield and Post-Harvest Quality in Far North Queensland, Australia","volume":"36","author":"Arioli","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarantino, A., Frabboni, L., and Disciglio, G. (2024). Vegetative and Reproductive Responses Induced by Organo-Mineral Fertilizers on Young Trees of Almond cv. Tuono Grown in a Medium-High Density Plantation. Agriculture, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture14020230"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rovira, M., Romero, A., and del Castillo, N. (2018, January 20). Efficacy of Manvert Foliplus (Complete Biostimulant) in Two Hazelnut Cultivars in Tarragona, Spain. Proceedings of the Acta Horticulturae, International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium.","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2018.1226.39"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1051\/ctv\/20183302177","article-title":"Strategies for the Improvement of Fruit Set in Vitis vinifera L. cv. \u2018Carm\u00e9n\u00e8re\u2019 through Different Foliar Biostimulants in Two Different Locations","volume":"33","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc. T\u00e9c Vitiv"},{"key":"ref_237","first-page":"1222","article-title":"Effect of Foliar Application of Nutrients and Biostimulant on Growth, Phenology and Yield Attributes of Pecan Nut cv. \u201cWestern Schley\u201d","volume":"11","author":"Ashraf","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Food Agric. Environ."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colavita, G.M., Spera, N., Blackhall, V., and Sepulveda, G.M. (2011, January 31). Effect of Seaweed Extract on Pear Fruit Quality and Yield. Proceedings of the Acta Horticulturae, International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium.","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2011.909.72"},{"key":"ref_239","first-page":"243","article-title":"Estimation of Seaweed Extract and Micronutrient Potential to Improve Net Returns by Enhancing Yield Characters in Tomato Using Correlation Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Choudhary","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afonso, S., Oliveira, I., Ribeiro, C., Vilela, A., Meyer, A.S., and Gon\u00e7alves, B. (2024). Exploring the Role of Biostimulants in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Fruit Quality Traits. Agriculture, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture14091521"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2023.112529","article-title":"The Effect of Seaweed Foliar Application on Yield and Quality of Apple cv. \u2018Golden Delicious\u2019","volume":"323","author":"Mousavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellena, M., Gonz\u00c3\u00a1lez, A., and Romero, I. (2023, January 31). Effect of Seaweed Extracts (Ascophyllum nodosum) on Yield and Nut Quality in Hazelnut. Proceedings of the Acta Horticulturae, International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium.","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2023.1379.35"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, L., Liang, D., Xia, H., Pang, Y., Xiao, Q., Huang, Y., Zhang, W., Pu, C., Wang, J., and Lv, X. (2023). Biostimulants Promote the Accumulation of Carbohydrates and Biosynthesis of Anthocyanins in \u2018Yinhongli\u2019 Plum. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1074965"},{"key":"ref_244","first-page":"383","article-title":"Bioregulators and Biostimulants on Development, Growth and Fruit Yield of Blueberry cv. Biloxi","volume":"46","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Fitotec. Mex."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12113","DOI":"10.1002\/sae2.12113","article-title":"Amino Acid-Based Biostimulants and Microbial Biostimulants Promote the Growth, Yield and Resilience of Strawberries in Soilless Glasshouse Cultivation","volume":"3","author":"Ranasingha","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Agric. Environ."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI17902-24","article-title":"Improvement in Plant Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality with Biostimulant Treatment in Organic Strawberry Cultivation","volume":"59","author":"Kilic","year":"2024","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI13006-18","article-title":"Biostimulant Activity of Trichoderma saturnisporum in Melon (Cucumis melo)","volume":"53","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cirillo, A., Izzo, L., Ciervo, A., Ledenko, I., Cepparulo, M., Piscitelli, A., and Di Vaio, C. (2024). Optimizing Apricot Yield and Quality with Biostimulant Interventions: A Comprehensive Analysis. Horticulturae, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae10050447"},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00e4tsep, R., Arus, L., Kaldm\u00e4e, H., and Kahu, K. (2021, January 2). The Effect of Foliar Applications of Biostimulants on Leaf Chlorophyll and Fruit Quality in Organically Grown Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.). Proceedings of the Acta Horticulturae, International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium.","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2021.1327.96"},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales-Payan, J.P. (2015, January 25). Response of \u201cBanilejo\u201d Mango to Foliar Applications of a Biostimulant Based on Free Amino Acids and Potassium. Proceedings of the Acta Horticulturae, International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium.","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2015.1075.12"},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.22438\/jeb\/42\/4\/MRN-1541","article-title":"Influence of Ascophyllum nodosum Extract, Homobrassinolide and Triacontanol on Fruit Retention, Yield and Quality of Mango","volume":"42","author":"Dash","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Biol."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gatti, N., Maghrebi, M., Serio, G., Gentile, C., Bunea, V.V., Vigliante, I., Boitte, C., Garabello, C., Contartese, V., and Bertea, C.M. (2025). Seaweed and Yeast Extracts as Sustainable Phytostimulant to Boost Secondary Metabolism of Apricot Fruits. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1455156"},{"key":"ref_253","first-page":"1","article-title":"Seaweed Extract Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) on the Growth of Watermelon Plants","volume":"31","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Agric. Int."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haaf, S., Althaus, B., Kunz, A., and Blanke, M. (2022, January 30). Reflective Materials and Biostimulants for Anthocyanin Synthesis and Colour Enhancement of Apple Fruits: Visualization, Abaxial and Adaxial Leaf Light Reflection. Proceedings of the Acta Horticulturae, International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium.","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2022.1346.4"},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.1080\/01140671.2024.2370565","article-title":"Strawberry Field Trial in Australia Demonstrates Improvements to Fruit Yield and Quality Control Conformity, from Application of Two Biostimulant Complexes","volume":"53","author":"Wise","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Crop Hortic. Sci."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2024.113597","article-title":"Boosting Cherry Tomato Yield, Quality, and Mineral Profile through the Application of a Plant-Derived Biostimulant","volume":"337","author":"Mauro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arikan-Algul, Y., Mutlu-Durak, H., Kutman, U.B., and Yildiz Kutman, B. (2025). Biostimulant Extracts Obtained from the Brown Seaweed Cystoseira barbata Enhance the Growth, Yield, Quality, and Nutraceutical Value of Soil-Grown Tomato. Agronomy, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15051138"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petoumenou, D.G., and Patris, V.-E. (2021). Effects of Several Preharvest Canopy Applications on Yield and Quality of Table Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Crimson Seedless. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10050906"},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganugi, P., Caffi, T., Gabrielli, M., Secomandi, E., Fiorini, A., Zhang, L., Bellotti, G., Puglisi, E., Fittipaldi, M.B., and Asinari, F. (2023). A 3-Year Application of Different Mycorrhiza-Based Plant Biostimulants Distinctively Modulates Photosynthetic Performance, Leaf Metabolism, and Fruit Quality in Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Front. Plant Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1236199"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zapata-Garc\u00eda, S., Berr\u00edos, P., Temnani, A., Espinosa, P.J., Monllor, C., and P\u00e9rez-Pastor, A. (2025). Combined Use of Biostimulation and Deficit Irrigation Improved the Fruit Quality in Table Grape. Plants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14030485"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.33045\/fgr.v40.2024.09","article-title":"Biostimulators Effect on Growth and Fruiting Processes of Two Sweet Cherry Cultivars Grafted on Gisela 3 Rootstock","volume":"40","author":"Calinescu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fruit Grow. Res."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basile, B., Brown, N., Valdes, J.M., Cardarelli, M., Scognamiglio, P., Mataffo, A., Rouphael, Y., Bonini, P., and Colla, G. (2021). Plant-Based Biostimulant as Sustainable Alternative to Synthetic Growth Regulators in Two Sweet Cherry Cultivars. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10040619"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Consentino, B.B., Vultaggio, L., Iacuzzi, N., La Bella, S., De Pasquale, C., Rouphael, Y., Ntatsi, G., Virga, G., and Sabatino, L. (2023). Iodine Biofortification and Seaweed Extract-Based Biostimulant Supply Interactively Drive the Yield, Quality, and Functional Traits in Strawberry Fruits. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12020245"},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soltaniband, V., Br\u00e9gard, A., Gaudreau, L., and Dorais, M. (2022). Biostimulants Promote Plant Development, Crop Productivity, and Fruit Quality of Protected Strawberries. Agronomy, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12071684"},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di-Vaio, C., Cirillo, A., Cice, D., El-Nakhel, C., and Rouphael, Y. (2021). Biostimulant Application Improves Yield Parameters and Accentuates Fruit Color of Annurca Apples. Agronomy, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11040715"},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-023-02979-0","article-title":"The Biostimulant Effect of an Extract from Durvillaea potatorum and Ascophyllum nodosum Is Associated with the Priming of Reactive Oxygen Species in Strawberry in South-Eastern Australia","volume":"35","author":"Mattner","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soppelsa, S., Kelderer, M., Testolin, R., Zanotelli, D., and Andreotti, C. (2020). Effect of Biostimulants on Apple Quality at Harvest and after Storage. Agronomy, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10081214"},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6057","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.19.3.6057-6075","article-title":"Salicylic Acid and Chitosan Effects on Fruit Quality When Applied to Fresh Strawberry or during Different Periods of Cold Storage","volume":"19","author":"Almutairi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3390\/applbiosci3030024","article-title":"The Effect of Organic and Amino Acid Biostimulants on Actinidia deliciosa \u2018Hayward\u2019 Cultivation: Evaluation of Growth, Metabolism, and Kiwifruit Postharvest Performance","volume":"3","author":"Papantzikos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziogas, V., Bravos, N., and Hussain, S.B. (2022). Preharvest Foliar Application of Si\u2013Ca-Based Biostimulant Affects Postharvest Quality and Shelf-Life of Clementine Mandarin (Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tan). Horticulturae, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae8110996"},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahrajabian, M.H., and Petropoulos, S.A. (2024). Editorial for the Special Issue on Plant Biostimulants in Sustainable Horticulture and Agriculture: Development, Function, and Applications. Plants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/books978-3-7258-2366-6"},{"key":"ref_272","first-page":"2041","article-title":"Role of Biostimulants in Fruit Crops: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Sunitha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharma Innov. J."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sishodia, R.P., Ray, R.L., and Singh, S.K. (2020). Applications of Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture: A Review. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12193136"},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.3390\/agriengineering4030041","article-title":"Precision Fertilization and Irrigation: Progress and Applications","volume":"4","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"AgriEngineering"},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leogrande, R., El Chami, D., Fumarola, G., Di Carolo, M., Piegari, G., Elefante, M., Perrelli, D., and Dongiovanni, C. (2022). Biostimulants for Resilient Agriculture: A Preliminary Assessment in Italy. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202203.0130.v1"},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sassu, A., Deidda, A., Mercenaro, L., Virgillito, B., and Gambella, F. (2024). Multisensor Analysis for Biostimulants Effect Detection in Sustainable Viticulture. Agriculture, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202410.1137.v1"},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roma, E., Laudicina, V.A., Vallone, M., and Catania, P. (2023). Application of Precision Agriculture for the Sustainable Management of Fertilization in Olive Groves. Agronomy, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13020324"},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques, P., P\u00e1dua, L., Sousa, J.J., and Fernandes-Silva, A. (2024). Advancements in Remote Sensing Imagery Applications for Precision Management in Olive Growing: A Systematic Review. Remote Sens., 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16081324"},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhanaraju, M., Chenniappan, P., Ramalingam, K., Pazhanivelan, S., and Kaliaperumal, R. (2022). Smart Farming: Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Sustainable Agriculture. Agriculture, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12101745"},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rouphael, Y., and Colla, G. (2020). Editorial: Biostimulants in Agriculture. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00040"},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/01904160500476087","article-title":"Improvement of Iron Uptake in Table Grape by Addition of Humic Substances","volume":"29","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/01904167.2011.531358","article-title":"Direct Effects of Humic-like Substance on Growth, Water, and Mineral Nutrition of Various Species","volume":"34","author":"Morard","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marino, G., Cellini, A., Masia, A., Simoni, A., Francioso, O., and Gessa, C. (2010, January 20). In Vitro Treatment with a Low Molecular Weight Humic Acid Can Improve Growth and Mineral Uptake of Pear Plantlets during Acclimatization. Proceedings of the Acta Horticulturae, International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium.","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2010.884.73"},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1081\/PLN-120014705","article-title":"Humic Substances and Amino Acids Improve Effectiveness of Chelate FeEDDHA in Lemon Trees","volume":"25","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13813","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13813","article-title":"Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhanced the Growth, Phosphorus Uptake and Pht Expression of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Plantlets","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2024.105596","article-title":"Enhancing Olive Tree (Olea europaea) Rhizosphere Dynamics: Co-Inoculation Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Growth- Promoting Rhizobacteria in Field Experiments","volume":"202","author":"Mechri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2005.03.022","article-title":"The Response of Wild Olive to the Addition of a Fulvic Acid-Rich Amendment to Soils Polluted by Trace Elements (SW Spain)","volume":"63","author":"Murillo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Arid Environ."},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.917","article-title":"Effects of Soil-Protecting Agricultural Practices on Soil Organic Carbon and Productivity in Fruit Tree Orchards","volume":"21","author":"Montanaro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI12200-17","article-title":"Foliar Applications of Protein Hydrolysate, Plant and Seaweed Extracts Increase Yield but Differentially Modulate Fruit Quality of Greenhouse Tomato","volume":"52","author":"Colla","year":"2017","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"ref_290","first-page":"79","article-title":"Protein Hydrolysates: From Agricultural Waste Biomasses to High Added-Value Products (Minireview)","volume":"9","author":"Cesaretti","year":"2020","journal-title":"AgroLife Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda, A.L., Garc\u00eda-Machado, F.J., Borges, A.A., Morales-Sierra, S., Boto, A., and Jim\u00e9nez-Arias, D. (2020). Pure Organic Active Compounds against Abiotic Stress: A Biostimulant Overview. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.575829"},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8759","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-20621-3","article-title":"Tannery Waste as a Renewable Source of Nitrogen for Production of Multicomponent Fertilizers with Biostimulating Properties","volume":"30","author":"Mikula","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_293","unstructured":"Husen, A. (2024). Chapter 4\u2014Role of Protein Hydrolysates in Plants Growth and Development. Biostimulants in Plant Protection and Performance, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_294","first-page":"S65","article-title":"Effects of Humic Acids from Vermicomposts on Plant Growth","volume":"42","author":"Arancon","year":"2006","journal-title":"ICSZ"},{"key":"ref_295","unstructured":"Lazcano, C., and Dom\u00ednguez, J. (2011). The Use of Vermicompost in Sustainable Agriculture: Impact on Plant Growth and Soil Fertility. Soil Nutrients, Nova Science Pub Inc."},{"key":"ref_296","unstructured":"Caixeta, L., Neves, R., Lima, C., and Zandonadi, D. (2014, January 1). Vermicompost Biostimulants: Nutrients and Auxin for Root Growth. Proceedings of the 16 World Fertilizer Congress of CIECA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mapelli, F., Carullo, D., Farris, S., Ferrante, A., Bacenetti, J., Ventura, V., Frisio, D., and Borin, S. (2022). Food Waste-Derived Biomaterials Enriched by Biostimulant Agents for Sustainable Horticultural Practices: A Possible Circular Solution. Front. Sustain., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/frsus.2022.928970"},{"key":"ref_298","first-page":"30","article-title":"Papaya (Carica papaya) Response to Foliar Treatments with Organic Complexes of Peptides and Amino Acids","volume":"116","author":"Stall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc."},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viti, R., Bartolini, S., and Vitagliano, C. (1990, January 1). Growth Regulators on Pollen Germination in Olive. Proceedings of the Acta Horticulturae, International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium.","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.1990.286.47"},{"key":"ref_300","first-page":"224","article-title":"Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis) Transplant Production Is Affected by Selected Biostimulants","volume":"117","author":"Stall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc."},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4532","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-012-1405-z","article-title":"A Novel Source of Biofertilizer from Feather Biomass for Banana Cultivation","volume":"20","author":"Gurav","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lachhab, N., Sanzani, S.M., Adrian, M., Chiltz, A., Balacey, S., Boselli, M., Ippolito, A., and Poinssot, B. (2014). Soybean and Casein Hydrolysates Induce Grapevine Immune Responses and Resistance against Plasmopara viticolai. Front. Plant Sci., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00716"},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2019.108784","article-title":"Protein Hydrolysates Effects on Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Corvina) Performance and Water Stress Tolerance","volume":"258","author":"Boselli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.5897\/SRE2013.5702","article-title":"Effect of Plant Biostimulants on Fruit Cracking and Quality Attributes of Pomegranate cv. Kandhari Kabuli","volume":"8","author":"Aziz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Res. Essays"},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proenv.2015.07.187","article-title":"Preharvest Application of Seaweed Based Biostimulant Reduced Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cracking","volume":"29","author":"Correia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saa, S., Olivos-Del Rio, A., Castro, S., and Brown, P.H. (2015). Foliar Application of Microbial and Plant Based Biostimulants Increases Growth and Potassium Uptake in Almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D. A. Webb). Front. Plant Sci., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00087"},{"key":"ref_307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correia, S., Queir\u00f3s, F., Ferreira, H., Morais, M.C., Afonso, S., Silva, A.P., and Gon\u00e7alves, B. (2020). Foliar Application of Calcium and Growth Regulators Modulate Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Tree Performance. Plants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9040410"},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10318","article-title":"Effects of Exogenous Compound Sprays on Cherry Cracking: Skin Properties and Gene Expression","volume":"100","author":"Correia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteiro, E., Gon\u00e7alves, B., Cortez, I., and Castro, I. (2022). The Role of Biostimulants as Alleviators of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Grapevine: A Review. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11030396"},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira, I., Afonso, S., Pinto, L., Vieira, S., Vilela, A., and Silva, A.P. (2022). Preliminary Evaluation of the Application of Algae-Based Biostimulants on Almond. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11223083"},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serapicos, M., Afonso, S., Gon\u00e7alves, B., and Silva, A.P. (2022). Exogenous Application of Glycine Betaine on Sweet Cherry Tree (Prunus avium L.): Effects on Tree Physiology and Leaf Properties. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11243470"},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afonso, S., Oliveira, I., Guedes, F., Meyer, A.S., and Gon\u00e7alves, B. (2024). Glycine Betaine and Seaweed-Based Biostimulants Improved Leaf Water Status and Enhanced Photosynthetic Activity in Sweet Cherry Trees. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1467376"},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteiro, E., Correia, S., Baltazar, M., Pereira, S., Ferreira, H., Bragan\u00e7a, R., Cortez, I., Castro, I., and Gon\u00e7alves, B. (2024). Foliar Application of Nettle and Japanese Knotweed Extracts on Vitis vinifera: Consequences for Plant Physiology, Biochemical Parameters, and Yield. Horticulturae, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae10121275"},{"key":"ref_314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteiro, E., De Lorenzis, G., Ricciardi, V., Baltazar, M., Pereira, S., Correia, S., Ferreira, H., Alves, F., Cortez, I., and Gon\u00e7alves, B. (2024). Exploring Seaweed and Glycine Betaine Biostimulants for Enhanced Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Properties, and Gene Expression of Vitis vinifera cv. \u201cTouriga Franca\u201d Berries. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105335"},{"key":"ref_315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, G., Nanda, S., Singh, S.K., Kumar, S., Singh, D., Singh, B.N., and Mukherjee, A. (2024). Seaweed Extracts: Enhancing Plant Resilience to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Front. Mar. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1457500"},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s42161-023-01543-6","article-title":"Green Solutions and New Technologies for Sustainable Management of Fungus and Oomycete Diseases in the Citrus Fruit Supply Chain","volume":"106","author":"Rovetto","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-013-0101-9","article-title":"Plant Biostimulants: A Review on the Processing of Macroalgae and Use of Extracts for Crop Management to Reduce Abiotic and Biotic Stresses","volume":"26","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2019.03.002","article-title":"Effects of Ascophyllum Nodosum Extract on Vitis Vinifera: Consequences on Plant Physiology, Grape Quality and Secondary Metabolism","volume":"139","author":"Salvi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"La Spada, F., Aloi, F., Coniglione, M., Pane, A., and Cacciola, S.O. (2021). Natural Biostimulants Elicit Plant Immune System in an Integrated Management Strategy of the Postharvest Green Mold of Orange Fruits Incited by Penicillium digitatum. Front. Plant Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.684722"},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumari, S., Sehrawat, K.D., Phogat, D., Sehrawat, A.R., Chaudhary, R., Sushkova, S.N., Voloshina, M.S., Rajput, V.D., Shmaraeva, A.N., and Marc, R.A. (2023). Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis, a Pivotal Biostimulant toward Sustainable Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review. Agriculture, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13061179"},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2020.109413","article-title":"Protein Hydrolysates Modulate Leaf Proteome and Metabolome in Water-Stressed Grapevines","volume":"270","author":"Bavaresco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3815","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-019-01896-5","article-title":"Evaluation of Seaweed Extracts for the Control of the Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina citri","volume":"31","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Hern\u00e1ndez, A.I., P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez, R., G\u00f3mez-S\u00e1nchez, M.\u00c1., and Morales-Corts, M.R. (2022). Compost Tea as Biostimulant: Promoting Tomato Root Development. Chem. Proc., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/IOCAG2022-12224"},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.17352\/2455-815X.000219","article-title":"Role of Vermicompost and Algae Extract in Improving Growth and Fruit Quality of Mango (Keitt)","volume":"10","author":"Mustafa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Sci. Food Technol."},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ladan Moghaddam, A.R., and Soleimani, A. (2012, January 14). Compensatory Effects of Humic Acid on Physiological Characteristics of Pistachio Seedlings under Salinity Stress. Proceedings of the Acta Horticulturae, International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium.","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2012.940.35"},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adedayo, A.A., and Babalola, O.O. (2023). The Potential of Biostimulants on Soil Microbial Community: A Review. Front. Ind. Microbiol., 1.","DOI":"10.3389\/finmi.2023.1308641"},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Backer, R., Rokem, J.S., Ilangumaran, G., Lamont, J., Praslickova, D., Ricci, E., Subramanian, S., and Smith, D.L. (2018). Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: Context, Mechanisms of Action, and Roadmap to Commercialization of Biostimulants for Sustainable Agriculture. Front. Plant Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01473"}],"container-title":["Horticulturae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2311-7524\/11\/12\/1452\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T11:54:40Z","timestamp":1765454080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2311-7524\/11\/12\/1452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"references-count":327,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["horticulturae11121452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/horticulturae11121452","relation":{},"ISSN":["2311-7524"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2311-7524","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}}}