{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T05:16:07Z","timestamp":1766639767377,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SAL Project\u2014Local Food Systems, Cooperation Project of Local Action Groups","award":["measure 10.3 of PDR2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["measure 10.3 of PDR2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDB\/04035\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04035\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horticulturae"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The conservation and characterisation of traditional apple cultivars are essential for safeguarding agrobiodiversity and supporting regional economies. Reineta de Fontanelas, a long-established cultivar from the Saloia region of Sintra, Portugal, remains insufficiently described despite its cultural relevance. This study provides the first integrated characterisation of Reineta de Fontanelas apples collected from six local producers, evaluating biometric traits, physicochemical and nutritional composition, free sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, colour, texture, and sensory attributes. The multi-site sampling design enabled the assessment of intra-cultivar qualitative variability across different local environments and traditional low-input practices, which constituted the primary objective. A commercial Reineta sample was included solely as a contextual retail benchmark, acknowledging that differences in origin, orchard management, and storage conditions do not allow for strict cultivar-level comparisons. Reineta de Fontanelas apples consistently exhibited high soluble solids (SS), lower titratable acidity (TA), and enriched levels of key phenolic compounds, together with stronger antioxidant activity. Sensory evaluation indicated a sweeter and more aromatic profile for the local apples. Multivariate analysis revealed a coherent compositional fingerprint and identified the main sources of intra-cultivar variability. Overall, the findings show that Reineta de Fontanelas maintains distinctive nutritional, bioactive, and sensory attributes across local environments, supporting ongoing efforts for its conservation and valorization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae11121542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T16:42:05Z","timestamp":1766076125000},"page":"1542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preserving Agricultural Diversity: Comprehensive Characterisation of the Local Reineta de Fontanelas Apple Cultivar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5814-0490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa M.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UEISTSA\u2014Unidade Estrat\u00e9gica de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Servi\u00e7os de Tecnologia e Seguran\u00e7a Alimentar, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Veterin\u00e1ria e Agr\u00e1ria, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec\u2014GeoBioTec Research Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1708-3645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mafalda","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8683-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Lageiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UEISTSA\u2014Unidade Estrat\u00e9gica de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Servi\u00e7os de Tecnologia e Seguran\u00e7a Alimentar, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Veterin\u00e1ria e Agr\u00e1ria, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec\u2014GeoBioTec Research Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2994-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa Cristina","family":"Roseiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UEISTSA\u2014Unidade Estrat\u00e9gica de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Servi\u00e7os de Tecnologia e Seguran\u00e7a Alimentar, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Veterin\u00e1ria e Agr\u00e1ria, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec\u2014GeoBioTec Research Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5676-7225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UEISTSA\u2014Unidade Estrat\u00e9gica de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Servi\u00e7os de Tecnologia e Seguran\u00e7a Alimentar, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Veterin\u00e1ria e Agr\u00e1ria, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7030-1915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UEISTSA\u2014Unidade Estrat\u00e9gica de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Servi\u00e7os de Tecnologia e Seguran\u00e7a Alimentar, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Veterin\u00e1ria e Agr\u00e1ria, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec\u2014GeoBioTec Research Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A2S\u2014Associa\u00e7\u00e3o para o Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel da Regi\u00e3o Saloia, Mafra Business Factory, Avenida 1\u00ba de Maio, n\u00ba1, 2640-455 Mafra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bailey, A., del Castello, A., Capozio, N., Millere, M., Collins, S., and Gallo, P. 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