{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T02:09:23Z","timestamp":1772503763242,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["UIDB\/AGR\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/AGR\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["BD\/116593\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BD\/116593\/2016"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}]},{"name":"CIMO","award":["UIDB\/AGR\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/AGR\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CIMO","award":["BD\/116593\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BD\/116593\/2016"]}]},{"name":"CIMO","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UIDB\/AGR\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/AGR\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["BD\/116593\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BD\/116593\/2016"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horticulturae"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The interest in expanding the production of hops outside the traditional cultivation regions, mainly motivated by the growth of the craft brewery business, justifies the intensification of studies into its adaptation to local growing conditions. In this study, four field trials were undertaken on a twenty-year-old hop garden, over periods of up to three years to assess the effect of important agro-environmental variation factors on hop phenol and phenolic composition and to establish its relationship with the elemental composition of hop cones. All the field trials were arranged as factorial designs exploring the combined effect of: (1) plots of different vigour plants \u00d7 year; (2) plots of different plant vigor \u00d7 algae- and nutrient-rich foliar sprays \u00d7 year; (3) plot \u00d7 liming \u00d7 year; and (4) cultivars (Nugget, Cascade, Columbus) \u00d7 year. Total phenols in hops, were significantly influenced by most of the experimental factors. Foliar spraying and liming were the factors that least influenced the measured variables. The year had the greatest effect on the accumulation of total phenols in hop cones in the different trials and may have contributed to interactions that often occurred between the factors under study. The year average for total phenol concentrations in hop cones ranged from 11.9 mg g\u22121 to 21.2 mg g\u22121. Significant differences in quantity and composition of phenolic compounds in hop cones were also found between cultivars. The phenolic compounds identified were mainly flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol glycosides) and phenolic carboxylic acids (p-coumaric and caffeic acids).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae8050385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T13:40:57Z","timestamp":1651066857000},"page":"385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Phenolic Composition of Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) Was Highly Influenced by Cultivar and Year and Little by Soil Liming or Foliar Spray Rich in Nutrients or Algae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2464-8464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Afonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8744-7814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria In\u00eas","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4910-4882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel C. F. R.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Arrobas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8299-324X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESCTEC), Campus da Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9050-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lillian","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5367-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel \u00c2ngelo","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-018-9584-y","article-title":"Humulus lupulus L., a very popular beer ingredient and medicinal plant: Overview of its phytochemistry, its bioactivity, and its biotechnology","volume":"17","author":"Bocquet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytochem. 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