{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T23:00:29Z","timestamp":1770418829920,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programa de Desenvolvimento Rural PDR 2020","award":["MACFERTIQUAL PDR2020-101-031590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MACFERTIQUAL PDR2020-101-031590"]}]},{"name":"Programa de Desenvolvimento Rural PDR 2020","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["MACFERTIQUAL PDR2020-101-031590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MACFERTIQUAL PDR2020-101-031590"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Research Unit","award":["MACFERTIQUAL PDR2020-101-031590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MACFERTIQUAL PDR2020-101-031590"]}]},{"name":"LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Research Unit","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horticulturae"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Assessing a plant\u2019s nutritional status and fertilizer rates and types that can optimize fruit quality and yield are critical in intensive apple orchards. The aim of this work was to identify correlations between nutrients in the different organs that allow the early diagnosis of the nutritional status and to assess the impact on the optimal nutrient content in apple leaves, as well as in the yield and quality of chemical and organic fertilization. Five orchards of \u2018Gala\u2019 were fertilized with different levels of NPK over a period of four years. Macro and micronutrients of buds, flowers, 45 and 90\u2013110 days after full bloom (DAFB) leaves and 60 DAFB and 15 days before harvest (DBH) fruits were determined. Boron was the only element for which strong correlations, 0.7 &lt; r &lt; 0.9, were observed between all organ pairs. The fertilization treatments did not affect the nutrient concentrations in the leaves of 90\u2013110 DAFB other than P, Ca and Mg and did not affect the macronutrients in the fruit. In one of the five orchards, the yield increased by 26% with double fertilization compared to standard fertilization and, for the other four orchards, the impact depended on the year. Fruit size was more related to crop load than to fertilization and TSS and firmness were not affected by the type or amount of fertilizers. Replacing part of the chemical fertilizer with organic materials did not affect productivity or fruit quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae8080713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T21:09:18Z","timestamp":1659992958000},"page":"713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Nutrient Content with Different Fertilizer Management and Influence on Yield and Fruit Quality in Apple cv. Gala"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7732-9072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Mota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory TERRA, LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEF\u2014Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6398-4671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Policarpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory TERRA, LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7848-4701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Layanne","family":"Sprey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory TERRA, LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mafalda","family":"Pastaneira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI\u2014Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory TERRA, LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Maur\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FRUBA\u00c7A\u2014Cooperativa de Horto\u2014Fruticultores, C.R.L. Lugar Acipreste Aptd. 12, Alcoba\u00e7a, Leiria, 2460-471 Alcoba\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRANFER\u2014Produtores de Frutas, CRL. Rua Principal 167, 2510-772 Usseira, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRANFER\u2014Produtores de Frutas, CRL. Rua Principal 167, 2510-772 Usseira, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5414-0629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel B.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory TERRA, LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7218-3745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel L.","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INIAV, I.P., Polo Alcoba\u00e7a, Estrada de Leiria, 2460-059 Alcoba\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAMPOTEC IN\u2014Cons. e Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de Hortofrut\u00edcolas, SA. EN 9, 2560-393 Torres Vedras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui M.","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INIAV, I.P., Polo Alcoba\u00e7a, Estrada de Leiria, 2460-059 Alcoba\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4904-7470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela B.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI\u2014Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7914-620X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory TERRA, LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3480-9380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina M.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory TERRA, LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, June 30). 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