{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T16:57:40Z","timestamp":1772816260517,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Operational Group \u201cEGIS\u2014Estrat\u00e9gias de Gest\u00e3o Integrada do Solo e da \u00c1gua em Esp\u00e9cies Produtoras de Frutos Secos\u201d","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Operational Group \u201cEGIS\u2014Estrat\u00e9gias de Gest\u00e3o Integrada do Solo e da \u00c1gua em Esp\u00e9cies Produtoras de Frutos Secos\u201d","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PT2020","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PT2020","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"name":"EAFRD","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"EAFRD","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horticulturae"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Farmers are increasing the use of fertilizers in chestnut, the only cash crop produced in the mountainous areas of northeastern Portugal. This calls for more studies to guide them towards a more ecological intensification. The effects of three controlled-release fertilizers, two that release nutrients over three months (BoskGrow 20:05:20_3m, Exactyon 18:05:13_3m) and one over six months (Exactyon 18:05:12_6m), and an organic amendment authorized for organic farming (Humix 12:03:05) were compared with an untreated control during a three-year field trial (2019\u20132021). BoskGrow 20:05:20_3m, Exactyon 18:05:13_3m and Humix 12:03:05 gave significantly higher nut yields (90.6 to 97.0 kg tree\u22121, average 2019 + 2021) than Exactyon 18:05:12_6m (66.3 kg tree\u22121) and the control (69.5 kg tree\u22121). Leaf concentrations of nitrogen and potassium tended to be higher in the BoskGrow 20:05:20_3m and Exactyon 18:05:13_3m treatments, and they were stated as the most important causes in the establishment of the two productive groups. Humix 12:03:05, although less concentrated in nutrients, led to a chestnut yield at the level of the most productive treatments, possibly due to the multiple positive effects of organic matter on soil and plants. Under the conditions of this experiment, where rainfall is low in the summer, fertilizers whose nutrient release takes a long time, such as Exactyon 18:05:12_6m, seem not to be a good fertilization option due to reduced nutrient uptake and increased levels of soil inorganic nitrogen at the end of the growing season. Humix 12:03:05 emerged as a possible solution for organic producers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae8111067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T02:26:37Z","timestamp":1668392797000},"page":"1067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Excessive Delay in Nutrient Release by Controlled-Release Fertilizers Can Reduce Chestnut Yield"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Margarida","family":"Arrobas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Bomfim","family":"Belotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00eamico de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1\/Campus, Pato Branco 85503-390, PR, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Juliana Aparecida","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00eamico de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1\/Campus, Pato Branco 85503-390, PR, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Valdemar","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanlusi Europe, Lda., Rua de Leiria, Casal Mil Homens, 2440-231 Batalha, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Soraia","family":"Raimundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds C\u00e9sar","family":"Cassol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00eamico de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1\/Campus, Pato Branco 85503-390, PR, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2482-7873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Manuel","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5367-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel \u00c2ngelo","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2740","article-title":"Potential of silicon fertilization in the resistance of chestnut plants to ink disease (Phytophthora cinnamomi)","volume":"2","author":"Pereira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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