{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:46:37Z","timestamp":1760147197053,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Agricultural Production Chains\u2014from fork to farm","award":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Social Funds and the Regional Operational Programme Norte 2020","award":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Novas pr\u00e1ticas em olivais de sequeiro: estrat\u00e9gias de mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o e adapta\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s altera\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas","award":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PT2020 and EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development)","award":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"CIMO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"CITAB","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"AgriFood XXI Project","award":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 2014\u20132020)","award":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project NORTE-06-3559-FSE-000103 funded by the Fundo Social Europeu (FSE) and FCT research unit Centre BIO R&amp;D Unit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128274\/2017","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","UIDB\/05083\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horticulturae"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitrogen (N) fertilization has been extensively studied all over the world, not only due to its impact on plant growth and yield, but also on product quality. Olive oil is a natural product highly valued by the markets, due to its role in the Mediterranean diet, but only when its quality is above legally established standards. Thus, it is important to continue to study how cropping practices can impact the quality of olive oil in order to fine-tune the guidelines issued to producers. The objective of the three-year study was to assess the effect of the application of 0, (N0), 40 (N40) and 120 (N120) kg ha\u22121 of N in a rainfed olive grove on variables associated with fruit biometry and the maturation index, polyphenols in olives and olive oil, the evolution of the quality of the oil over time and sensory analysis. The application of N prolonged the period of coloration, delaying the maturation of the fruits, particularly in the higher doses of N applied. N application changed the phenolic composition and the antioxidant capacity of the fruits and olive oil, but without a clear trend among years. In general, the high N rate negatively affected the quality of the oils, reducing the oxidative stability and bitterness of the oil when compared to N40 treatment; this is due to the lower content of phenolic compounds that have a radical scavenging capacity. Excessive N application (N120) increased the degradation of the oil quality, as it led to an increase in the K232 extinction coefficient. Moderate N rates (N40) seem to be a good compromise to guarantee the quality and stability of the oil, although there was some interference from other uncontrolled environmental variables; these were probably accentuated because the olives came from a rainfed olive grove. The sensory analysis panel detected a defect (winey-vinegary flavour) in the oil from N40 treatment that is difficult to justify and will need more attention in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9010110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T01:31:15Z","timestamp":1673832675000},"page":"110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Moderate Nitrogen Rates Applied to a Rainfed Olive Grove Seem to Provide an Interesting Balance between Variables Associated with Olive and Oil Quality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3599-6712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ermelinda","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Association BLC3\u2014Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit|North Delegation, Rua Comendador Em\u00edlio Augusto Pires, 14, Edif\u00edcio SIDE UP, 5340-257 Macedo de Cavaleiros, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Laboratory Mountains of Research (MORE), Brigantia Ecopark, 5300-358 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7519-4001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4813-5225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Laboratory Mountains of Research (MORE), Brigantia Ecopark, 5300-358 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5190-9279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Association BLC3\u2014Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit|North Delegation, Rua Comendador Em\u00edlio Augusto Pires, 14, Edif\u00edcio SIDE UP, 5340-257 Macedo de Cavaleiros, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5825-559X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Moutinho-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Inov4Agro\u2014Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5367-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel \u00c2ngelo","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2482-7873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Inov4Agro\u2014Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11261","DOI":"10.1021\/jf4031585","article-title":"Olive (Olea europaea L.) Tree Nitrogen Status Is a Key Factor for Olive Oil Quality","volume":"61","author":"Erel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2018.11.055","article-title":"Significance of proper nitrogen fertilization for olive productivity in intensive cultivation","volume":"246","author":"Haberman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2019.108658","article-title":"The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the incidence of olive fruit fly, olive leaf spot and olive anthracnose in two olive cultivars grown in rainfed conditions","volume":"256","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3906\/tar-1905-26","article-title":"The effect of nitrogen applications on the growth of young olive trees and nitrogen use efficiency","volume":"44","author":"Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. J. Agric. For."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Escobar, R., Antonaya-Baena, F., and Almeida-Lavado, S. (2021). Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency of Olive Cultivars. Horticulturae, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae7060136"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10705-021-10134-9","article-title":"A controlled-release fertilizer improved soil fertility but not olive tree performance","volume":"120","author":"Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosystems"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2012.05.024","article-title":"Fertilizer recommendations for olive based upon nutrients removed in crop and pruning","volume":"142","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2013.01.013","article-title":"Interactions between fruit load and macroelement concentrations in fertigated olive (Olea europaea L.) trees under arid saline conditions","volume":"152","author":"Bustan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.50.3.474","article-title":"Nutrient Removal from Olive Trees by Fruit Yield and Pruning","volume":"50","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hortscience"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"186","article-title":"Seasonal changes of macro- and micro-nutrients concentration in olive leaves","volume":"41","author":"Stateras","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"32","article-title":"Drought Stress and Plant Nutrition","volume":"1","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Stress"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2016.05.004","article-title":"Nitrate Transport, Sensing, and Responses in Plants","volume":"9","author":"Vega","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10182","article-title":"Effects of nitrogen fertilization on pomegranate fruit, aril and juice quality","volume":"100","author":"Lyu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/01904160802608999","article-title":"Nutrient Stress, Ecophysiological, and Metabolic Aspects of Olive Tree Cultivars","volume":"32","author":"Saidana","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS.133.5.639","article-title":"Flowering and Fruit Set of Olive Trees in Response to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium","volume":"133","author":"Erel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2011.552656","article-title":"Olive Yields and Tree Nutritional Status during a Four-Year Period without Nitrogen and Boron Fertilization","volume":"42","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2011","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2008.04.007","article-title":"Nitrogen status influence on olive tree flower quality and ovule longevity","volume":"64","author":"Prado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e215","DOI":"10.3989\/gya.0441171","article-title":"Effects of nitrogen fertilization and nitrification inhibitor product on vegetative growth, production and oil quality in \u2018Arbequina\u2019 hedgerow and \u2018Picual\u2019 vase-trained orchards","volume":"68","author":"Centeno","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Grasas Y Aceites"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.41.1.215","article-title":"Olive Oil Quality Decreases with Nitrogen Over-fertilization","volume":"41","author":"Aguilera","year":"2006","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(04)01423-2","article-title":"Health and sensory properties of virgin olive oil hydrophilic phenols: Agronomic and technological aspects of production that affect their occurrence in the oil","volume":"1054","author":"Servili","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3664","article-title":"Olive oil composition as a function of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium plant nutrition","volume":"89","author":"Dag","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2018.04.019","article-title":"Kaolin and salicylic acid foliar application modulate yield, quality and phytochemical composition of olive pulp and oil from rainfed trees","volume":"237","author":"Brito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1051\/ocl\/2020015","article-title":"Influence of ripening index and water regime on the yield and quality of \u201cMoroccan Picholine\u201d virgin olive oil","volume":"27","author":"Sakar","year":"2020","journal-title":"OCL"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-013-2406-x","article-title":"\u2018Cobran\u00e7osa\u2019 Olive Oil and Drupe: Chemical Composition at Two Ripening Stages","volume":"91","author":"Sousa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"3","article-title":"Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 299\/2013 amending Regulation (EEC) No 2568\/91 on the characteristics of olive oil and olive-residue oil and on the relevant methods of analysis","volume":"28","author":"Regulation","year":"2013","journal-title":"Off. J. Eur. Union"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"IOC (2005, September 03). Method for the Organoleptic Assessment of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Applying to Use a Designation of Origin. International Olive Concil Available COI\/T.20\/Doc. no. 22. Available online: http:\/\/www.internationaloliveoil.org."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"175","article-title":"Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield, Fruit Quality and Oil Content in Manzanillo Olive Trees","volume":"26","author":"Elbadawy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Arid. Land Stud."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2010.11.008","article-title":"Influence of time of harvest and maturity index on olive oil yield and quality","volume":"127","author":"Dag","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2018.02.016","article-title":"Fruit, mesocarp, and endocarp responses to crop load and to different estimates of source: Sink ratio in olive (cv. Arauco) at final harvest","volume":"234","author":"Ladux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins, S., Silva, E., Brito, C., Martins-Gomes, C., Gon\u00e7alves, A., Arrobas, M., Rodrigues, M.\u00c2., Correia, C.M., and Nunes, F.M. (2022). Zeolites and Biochar Modulate Olive Fruit and Oil Polyphenolic Profile. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11071332"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1021\/jf980684i","article-title":"Effect of Olive Ripeness on the Oxidative Stability of Virgin Olive Oil Extracted from the Varieties Picual and Hojiblanca and on the Different Components Involved","volume":"47","author":"Albi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(02)00022-5","article-title":"Changes in phenolic and enzymatic activities content during fruit ripening in two Italian cultivars of Olea europaea L.","volume":"162","author":"Briante","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2008.02.003","article-title":"Effect of cultivar and ripening on minor components in Spanish olive fruits and their corresponding virgin olive oils","volume":"41","author":"Fregapane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2012.12.056","article-title":"Polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity during ripening of olive cv. \u201cCobran\u00e7osa\u201d under different irrigation regimes","volume":"51","author":"Machado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-016-2122-x","article-title":"Improving performance of olive trees by the enhancement of key physiological parameters of olive leaves in response to foliar fertilization","volume":"38","author":"Tekaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10064","article-title":"Olive tree physiology and chemical composition of fruits are modulated by different deficit irrigation strategies","volume":"100","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-014-2462-x","article-title":"Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Monovarietal and Commercial Portuguese Olive Oils","volume":"91","author":"Gouvinhas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1051\/ocl\/2021044","article-title":"Physico-chemical and sensory evaluation of virgin olive oils from several Algerian olive-growing regions","volume":"28","author":"Douzane","year":"2021","journal-title":"OCL"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Riachy, M., Bou-Mitri, C., Youssef, A., Andary, R., and Skaff, W. (2018). Chemical and Sensorial Characteristics of Olive Oil Produced from the Lebanese Olive Variety \u2018Baladi\u2019. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10124630"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17221\/79\/2013-CJFS","article-title":"Changes produced in extra-virgin olive oils from cv. Coratina during a prolonged storage treatment","volume":"32","author":"Baiano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Czech J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.01.001","article-title":"Prediction of the antioxidant activity of extra virgin olive oils produced in the Mediterranean area","volume":"177","author":"Condelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2307\/3546567","article-title":"A Protein Competition Model of Phenolic Allocation","volume":"86","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.2307\/3544308","article-title":"Carbon\/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory","volume":"40","author":"Bryant","year":"1983","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.06.006","article-title":"The efficacy of kaolin particle film on oil quality indices of olive trees (Olea europaea L.) cv \u2018Zard\u2019 grown under warm and semi-arid region of Iran","volume":"166","author":"Khaleghi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(00)00276-4","article-title":"Influence of fruit ripening on \u2018Cornicabra\u2019 virgin olive oil quality A study of four successive crop seasons","volume":"73","author":"Salvador","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3784","article-title":"Effect of olive ripeness on chemical properties and phenolic composition of ch\u00e9toui virgin olive oil","volume":"90","author":"Youssef","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jimenez-Lopez, C., Carpena, M., Louren\u00e7o-Lopes, C., Gallardo-Gomez, M., Lorenzo, J.M., Barba, F.J., Prieto, M.A., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2020). Bioactive Compounds and Quality of Extra Virgin Olive Oil. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9081014"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A602","DOI":"10.1051\/ocl\/2018052","article-title":"Changes occurring in chemical composition and oxidative stability of virgin olive oil during storage","volume":"25","author":"Ozkaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"OCL"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2010.01516.x","article-title":"Effects of Olive Maturation and Stoning on Quality Indices and Antioxidant Content of Extra Virgin Oils (cv. Coratina) during Storage","volume":"75","author":"Gambacorta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.958","article-title":"Contribution of polyphenols to the oxidative stability of virgin olive oil","volume":"81","author":"Arnaud","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borello, E., Roncucci, D., and Domenici, V. (2021). Study of the Evolution of Pigments from Freshly Pressed to \u2018On-the-Shelf\u2019 Extra-Virgin Olive Oils by Means of Near-UV Visible Spectroscopy. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10081891"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2017.06.025","article-title":"Pigments in extra virgin olive oils produced in different mediterranean countries in 2014: Near UV-vis spectroscopy versus HPLC-DAD","volume":"84","author":"Lazzerini","year":"2017","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"7119","article-title":"Carotenoids: Sources, medicinal properties and their application in food and nutraceutical industry","volume":"5","author":"Jaswir","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Plant Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2015.02.007","article-title":"Sensory defects of virgin olive oil from a microbiological perspective","volume":"43","author":"Cayuela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2017.12.034","article-title":"Quality of olives: A focus on agricultural preharvest factors","volume":"233","author":"Rallo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2015.08.071","article-title":"Sensory intensity assessment of olive oils using an electronic tongue","volume":"146","author":"Veloso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2017.12.016","article-title":"A taste sensor device for unmasking admixing of rancid or winey-vinegary olive oil to extra virgin olive oil","volume":"144","author":"Harzallia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."}],"container-title":["Horticulturae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2311-7524\/9\/1\/110\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:05:49Z","timestamp":1760119549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2311-7524\/9\/1\/110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["horticulturae9010110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/horticulturae9010110","relation":{},"ISSN":["2311-7524"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2311-7524"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]}}}