{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T04:03:14Z","timestamp":1769572994933,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union Next-GenerationEU","award":["CN000022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN000022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horticulturae"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Water scarcity in agriculture can limit crop production and trigger the need for more effective water resource management. As a result, it is critical to identify new crop genotypes that are more drought tolerant and perform better under low irrigation or even rain-fed conditions. The olive tree is a high-value crop that is well adapted to dry Mediterranean conditions. However, different genotypes may have developed different mechanisms of tolerance to water stress. To investigate such mechanisms, we examined three Italian olive cultivars (\u2018Giarraffa\u2019, \u2018Leccino\u2019, and \u2018Maurino\u2019) grown in a greenhouse under drought stress. We found that single genotypes responded differently to the drought, though not all parameters revealed significant differences. The first major difference among the cultivars was in transpiration: the lower stomatal density and stomatal conductance of \u2018Giarraffa\u2019 allow this cultivar to use water more conservatively. In parallel with the reduction in stomatal and mesophyll conductance, the drought-stressed group of \u2018Giarraffa\u2019 maintained the electron transport rate and effective efficiency levels of photosystem II similar to those of the control until the fourth week of stress. The fluorescence parameters revealed the earlier closure of reaction photosynthetic centres in \u2018Leccino\u2019. Finally, the higher rate of electrolyte leakage in \u2018Maurino\u2019 indicated a significant ions loss in this cultivar when it was subjected to the drought. Both water management under stress conditions and the effect of drought on photosynthesis make \u2018Giarraffa\u2019 interesting to researchers studying its use in breeding or water-saving programmes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9070830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T02:04:04Z","timestamp":1689905044000},"page":"830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Morpho-Physiological Responses of Three Italian Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars to Drought Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1589-9074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Parri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0938-4819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Romi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy"}]},{"given":"Yasutomo","family":"Hoshika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystem (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Giovannelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystem (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3083-6218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Celeste","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francesca Cristiana","family":"Piritore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4511-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giampiero","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0938-6013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Cantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Strada Provinciale Aurelia Vecchia 49, 58022 Follonica, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcn125","article-title":"Photosynthesis under Drought and Salt Stress: Regulation Mechanisms from Whole Plant to Cell","volume":"103","author":"Chaves","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. 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