{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T22:44:14Z","timestamp":1778021054547,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Humans"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluates the applicability of Demirjian and Willems\u2019 methods for age estimation in Portuguese children aged 6\u20139 years based on orthopantomographs (OPGs). The main objective was to compare the precision of both methods in estimating chronological age (CA). This study analyzed 160 OPGs, equally distributed by sex, and the dental age (DA) was calculated twice, using both methodologies. The findings reveal that Demirjian\u2019s method consistently overestimated the chronological age by an average of 1.47 years for males and 1.45 years for females. Similarly, the Willems method also overestimated the age but to a lesser extent, with mean differences of 1.18 years for males and 0.91 years for females. Statistical analysis confirmed that both methods significantly overestimate age, with the most considerable discrepancies observed in 8-year-old individuals. Despite the Willems method providing slightly more accurate results, neither method was reliable, particularly for male subjects. This study highlights the need for further refinement of these methods, considering their tendency to overestimate age, especially in specific age groups. This research improves age estimation techniques in forensic and clinical settings, especially within the Portuguese pediatric population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/humans5010006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T06:45:42Z","timestamp":1740725142000},"page":"6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Applicability of the Demirjian and Willems Standards to Age Estimation of 6\u20139-Year-Old Portuguese Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ivo","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria da Universidade do Porto, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4076-6014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Lurdes","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria da Universidade do Porto, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0706-3242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas Morais","family":"Caldas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria da Universidade do Porto, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences\u2014CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Forensic Sciences Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21258","article-title":"Brief communication: The London atlas of human tooth development and eruption","volume":"142","author":"AlQahtani","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01707-9","article-title":"Age estimation based on Willems method versus country specific model in Saudi Arabia children and adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Alqerban","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e50128","article-title":"A comparative study of the assessment of the accuracy of Willems\u2019 and Demirjian\u2019s methods in Dental Age Estimation of the Saudi Arabian 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