{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T16:20:56Z","timestamp":1778516456621,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"national funds through Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), I.P.","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds through Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), I.P.","award":["EAPA_451\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAPA_451\/2016"]}]},{"name":"national funds through Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), I.P.","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Atlantic Area Program","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Atlantic Area Program","award":["EAPA_451\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAPA_451\/2016"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Atlantic Area Program","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["EAPA_451\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAPA_451\/2016"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hydrobiology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ecosystem services can be divided using two major classification systems, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) and the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES). In the MEA system, the ecosystem services are divided into four major service clusters: supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural. On the other hand, the CICES system regards the \u201cMEA supporting services\u201d as organism natural function (and not an ecosystem service). Thus, this function is the basis for all the three CICES ecosystem services (provisioning, regulating, and cultural) provided by one organism. These ecosystem services can be analyzed for the type of habitat, fauna or flora. Seaweeds, or marine macroalgae, are one of the key organisms in estuarine and seawater habitats ecosystems, which currently is of extreme importance due to the climate changes and the blue\u2013green economy. Seaweeds and humankind have been interlinked from the beginning, mainly as a food source, fibers, biochemicals, natural medicine, ornamental resources, art inspiration, and esthetic values in several coastal communities. Moreover, currently they are being studied as green carbon, carbon sequestration, and as a possible source for the biomedical and pharmaceutical areas. This review is a concise review of all ecological services provided by seaweeds and their impact in the human life and maintenance of the ecosystem status quo. The future of seaweeds use is also approached, regarding the promotion of seaweed ecological services and its dangers in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/hydrobiology2010006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T07:28:10Z","timestamp":1673249290000},"page":"75-96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Ecosystem Services Provided by Seaweeds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5244-221X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cotas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Louisa","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6819-0619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonel","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02798","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.2798","article-title":"Kelp beds and their local effects on seawater chemistry, productivity, and microbial communities","volume":"100","author":"Pfister","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.4598","article-title":"Marine macroalgae as a feasible and complete resource to address and promote Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)","volume":"18","author":"Pacheco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Integr. 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