{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:29:55Z","timestamp":1760149795150,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center of Technology and Systems (CTS)","award":["UIDB\/00066\/2020\/UIDP\/00066\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00066\/2020\/UIDP\/00066\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hydrogen"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Considering the clean, renewable, and ecologically friendly characteristics of hydrogen gas, as well as its high energy density, hydrogen energy is thought to be the most potent contender to locally replace fossil fuels. The creation of a sustainable energy system is currently one of the critical industrial challenges, and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution associated with appropriate safe storage techniques are key strategies to implement systems based on hydrogen technologies. The recent progress made possible through nanotechnology incorporation, either in terms of innovative methods of hydrogen storage or production methods, is a guarantee of future breakthroughs in energy sustainability. This manuscript addresses concisely and originally the importance of including nanotechnology in both green electroproduction of hydrogen and hydrogen storage in solid media. This work is mainly focused on these issues and eventually intends to change beliefs that hydrogen technologies are being imposed only for reasons of sustainability and not for the intrinsic value of the technology itself. Moreover, nanophysics and nano-engineering have the potential to significantly change the paradigm of conventional hydrogen technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/hydrogen4030043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T03:54:06Z","timestamp":1694490846000},"page":"679-693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Brief on Nano-Based Hydrogen Energy Transition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8647-4842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui F. M.","family":"Lobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanophysics\/Nanotechnology and Energy (N2E), Center of Technology and Systems (CTS), Physics Department, NOVA School of Science & Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yusaf, T., Laimon, M., Alrefae, W., Kadirgama, K., Dhahad, H.A., Ramasamy, D., Kamarulzaman, M.K., and Yousif, B. (2022). Hydrogen Energy Demand Growth Prediction and Assessment (2021\u20132050) Using a System Thinking and System Dynamics Approach. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12020781"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wulf, C., and Kaltschmitt, M. (2018). Hydrogen Supply Chains for Mobility\u2014Environmental and Economic Assessment. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10061699"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostadi, M., Paso, K.G., Rodriguez-Fabia, S., \u00d8i, L.E., Manenti, F., and Hillestad, M. (2020). Process Integration of Green Hydrogen: Decarbonization of Chemical Industries. Energies, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/en13184859"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ja\u0142owiec, T., Grala, D., Ma\u015bloch, P., Wojtaszek, H., Ma\u015bloch, G., and W\u00f3jcik-Czerniawska, A. (2022). Analysis of the Implementation of Functional Hydrogen Assumptions in Poland and Germany. Energies, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/en15228383"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lobo, R.F.M. (2015). Nanophysics for Energy Efficiency, Springer. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17007-7"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lobo, R.F.M., and Pinheiro, M.J. (2022). Advanced Topics in Contemporary Physics for Engineering: Nanophysics, Plasma Physics, and Electrodynamics, CRC Press. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003285083"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"IEA (2023, February 02). Aluminium, IEA, Paris, License: CC BY 4.0. Available online: https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/aluminium."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Braun, R.J., and Kazempoor, P. (2013). Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Materials to System Modeling, The Royal Society of Chemistry."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Singh, A., and Baredar, P. (2020). Low Carbon Energy Supply Technologies and Systems, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2023, February 06). Enel\u2019s Fusina Hydrogen-Fueled Plant Goes Online. Available online: https:\/\/www.powermag.com\/enels-fusina-hydrogenfueled-plant-goes-online\/."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1039\/c0ee00139b","article-title":"Carbon nanotube architectures as catalyst supports for proton exchange membrane fuel cells","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"(2006). Environmental Management\u2014Life Cycle 596 Assessment\u2014Principles and Framework. Standard No. ISO 14040. Available online: https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/37456.html."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3390\/hydrogen4010007","article-title":"Multi-Model Assessment for Secondary Smelting Decarbonisation: The Role of Hydrogen in the Clean Energy Transition","volume":"4","author":"Peppas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hydrogen"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3199(88)90076-6","article-title":"Optimization of photovoltaic hydrogen production","volume":"13","author":"Siegel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-6787(87)90150-5","article-title":"Multijunction concentrator solar cells","volume":"21","author":"Werthen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sol. Cells"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3199(81)90076-8","article-title":"Plasmochemical methods of hydrogen production","volume":"6","author":"Givotov","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8864","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.45.8864","article-title":"Radio frequency plasma in water","volume":"45","author":"Maehara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2007.05.018","article-title":"Hydrogen generation by plasma-assisted electrochemical pumping","volume":"9","author":"Koo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"083503","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3202250","article-title":"Operating a radio-frequency plasma source on water vapor","volume":"80","author":"Nguyen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fridman, A. (2008). Plasma Chemistry, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511546075"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6342","DOI":"10.1021\/ie100038g","article-title":"Formation of H2 and H2O2 in a water-spray gliding arc nonthermal plasma reactor","volume":"49","author":"Burlica","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2012.08.113","article-title":"A kinetic model for H2 production by plasmolysis of water vapors at atmospheric pressure in a dielectric barrier discharge micro-channel reactor","volume":"37","author":"Rehman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Mizuno, T., Akimoto, T., and Ohmori, T. (2002, January 17\u201318). Confirmation of anomalous hydrogen generation by plasma electrolysis. Proceedings of the 4th Meeting of Japan CF Research Society, Iwate, Japan."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9402(2006)132:3(104)","article-title":"Hydrogen production by plasma electrolysis","volume":"132","author":"Chaffin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Energy Eng."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2007.01.059","article-title":"Hydrogen production by reforming of hydrocarbons and alcohols in a dielectric barrier discharge","volume":"169","author":"Sarmiento","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"061502","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2335956","article-title":"Study of geometrical and operational parameters controlling the low frequency microjet atmospheric pressure plasma characteristics","volume":"89","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.1021\/ef301981f","article-title":"Hydrogen Production from Water Vapor Plasmolysis Using DBD-Corona Hybrid Reactor","volume":"27","author":"Rehman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Boyd, T.M., and Sanderson, J.J. (2008). The Physics of Plasmas, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Penetrante, B.M., and Schultheis, S.E. (1993). Application of Corona Technology in the Reduction of Greenhouse Gases and Other Gaseous Pollutants Non-Thermal Plasma Techniques for Pollution Control, Springer."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2008.06.021","article-title":"Review of plasma catalysis on hydrocarbon reforming for hydrogen production\u2014Interaction, integration, and prospects","volume":"85","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2011.06.023","article-title":"Plasma-assisted methane reduction of a NiO catalyst\u2014Low temperature activation of methane and formation of carbon nanofibres","volume":"106","author":"Gallon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2004.01.001","article-title":"On the origin of the catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles for low-temperature CO oxidation","volume":"223","author":"Lopez","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FD00053J","article-title":"Plasma-based conversion of CO2: Current status and future challenges","volume":"183","author":"Bogaerts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Faraday Discuss."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elstat.2009.12.008","article-title":"Effects of initial water content on steam reforming of aliphatic hydrocarbons with nonthermal plasma","volume":"68","author":"Sugasawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Electrost."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2013.04.002","article-title":"Non-thermal plasma catalysis of methane: Principles, energy efficiency, and applications","volume":"211","author":"Nozaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10930","DOI":"10.1021\/jp014543m","article-title":"Hydrogen storage in activated carbons and activated carbon fibers","volume":"106","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2019.01.224","article-title":"Concepts for improving hydrogen storage in nanoporous materials","volume":"44","author":"Broom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3199(01)00108-2","article-title":"Hydrogen storage in carbon nanostructures","volume":"27","author":"Sudan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4764","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200304845","article-title":"Hydrogen adsorption in carbon nanostructures: Comparison of nanotubes, fibers, and coals","volume":"9","author":"Schimmel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. A Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1063\/1.123833","article-title":"Hydrogen adsorption and cohesive energy of single-walled carbon nanotubes","volume":"74","author":"Ye","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2003.08.010","article-title":"Electrochemical hydrogen storage by carbon nanotubes decorated with metallic nickel","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1021\/nl072325k","article-title":"Hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes through the formation of stable C-H bonds","volume":"8","author":"Nikitin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2007.03.049","article-title":"Influence of surface treatments on micropore structure and hydrogen adsorption behavior of nanoporous carbons","volume":"311","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2005.01.002","article-title":"Wind energy and the hydrogen economy\u2014Review of the technology","volume":"78","author":"Sherif","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.04.094","article-title":"Novel 1D carbon nanotubes uniformly wrapped nanoscale MgH2 for efficient hydrogen storage","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2008.06.038","article-title":"Incorporation of Pd nanoparticles in mesostructured silica","volume":"117","author":"Linares","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microporous Mesoporous Mater."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nechaev, Y.S., Denisov, E.A., Cheretaeva, A.O., Shurygina, N.A., Kostikova, E.K., \u00d6chsner, A., and Davydov, S.Y. (2022). On the Problem of Super Storage of Hydrogen in Graphite Nanofibers. J. Carbon Res., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/c8020023"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3390\/ma5020248","article-title":"Molecular Beam-Thermal Desorption Spectrometry (MB-TDS) Monitoring of Hydrogen Desorbed from Storage Fuel Cell Anodes","volume":"5","author":"Lobo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3385686","article-title":"Molecular beam-thermal hydrogen desorption from palladium","volume":"81","author":"Lobo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lobo, R., Alvarez, N., and Shanov, V. (2021). Hydrogen Nanometrology in Advanced Carbon Nanomaterial Electrodes. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11051079"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"796","article-title":"Research Progress in Vehicular High Mass Density Solid Hydrogen Storage Materials","volume":"46","author":"Yaxiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Rare Met."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gee.2021.09.004","article-title":"Metal organic framework supported niobium pentoxide nanoparticles with exceptional catalytic effect on hydrogen storage behavior of MgH2","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Green Energy Environ."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.132388","article-title":"Defect engineered mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride modified with AgPd nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from formic acid","volume":"429","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10020304","article-title":"Recent progress using solid-state materials for hydrogen storage: A short review","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Processes"}],"container-title":["Hydrogen"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-4141\/4\/3\/43\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:49:06Z","timestamp":1760129346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-4141\/4\/3\/43"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["hydrogen4030043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/hydrogen4030043","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-4141"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2673-4141"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]}}}