{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:30:25Z","timestamp":1761676225045,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,3]],"date-time":"2014-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There are widespread differences in overweight\/obesity prevalence in children, and understanding the reasons for this is very important. The present study aims: (I) to conduct a meta-analysis on overweight\/obesity prevalence in Portuguese children; (II) to identify differences in biological and behavioural characteristics between normal-weight and overweight\/obese children; and (III) to investigate the importance of individual- and school-level correlates of variation in children\u2019s BMI using multilevel modelling. A search was done for all published papers including Portuguese children during the last decade; further, 686 Portuguese children (9\u201311 years old) were sampled and their BMI, family income, maturity offset, nutritional habits, physical activity, sedentariness, sleep time, and school environment information were collected. Results showed a stabilization of overweight\/obesity during the last decade, 30.6% (95%CI: 0.287\u20130.34) for boys, 28.4% (95%CI: 0.23\u20130.35) for girls, and 30.3% (95%CI: 0.27\u20130.34) for boys and girls together. Differences between weight groups were only found in individual-level biological traits. The multilevel analysis did not identify significant contributions of school-level variables to children\u2019s BMI variation. In conclusion, no increase was found in the prevalence  of overweight\/obesity among Portuguese children since 2000. Normal-weight and overweight\/obese children only differ in individual-level characteristics, and school context variables were not related to variation in BMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph111111398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,3]],"date-time":"2014-11-03T08:52:52Z","timestamp":1415004772000},"page":"11398-11417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Overweight and Obesity in Portuguese Children: Prevalence and Correlates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4991-1238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thayse","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIFI<sup>2<\/sup>D, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Katzmarzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Rd.,  Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIFI<sup>2<\/sup>D, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Bras\u00edlia DF 70040-020, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIFI<sup>2<\/sup>D, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Bras\u00edlia DF 70040-020, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4661-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIFI<sup>2<\/sup>D, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3273-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIFI<sup>2<\/sup>D, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29786","article-title":"Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children","volume":"92","author":"Blossner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. 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