{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:20:12Z","timestamp":1772691612939,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,9]],"date-time":"2015-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Comission","award":["EU-FP7 MARINA (Ref. 263215)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU-FP7 MARINA (Ref. 263215)"]}]},{"name":"European Comission","award":["EU-FP7 SUN (Ref. 604305)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU-FP7 SUN (Ref. 604305)"]}]},{"name":"FEDER through COMPETE e Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors (Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade) and by the Foundation for the Science and Technology (FCT- Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia)","award":["UID\/AMB\/50017\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/AMB\/50017\/2013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/95093\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/95093\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/93596\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/93596\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of nanomaterials have been primarily assessed based on standard ecotoxicity guidelines. However, by adapting alternative measures the information gained could be enhanced considerably, e.g., studies should focus on more mechanistic approaches. Here, the environmental risk posed by the presence of silver nanoparticles (Ag NM300K) in soil was investigated, anchoring population and cellular level effects, i.e., survival, reproduction (28 days) and oxidative stress markers (0, 2, 4, 6, 10 days). The standard species Folsomia candida was used. Measured markers included catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), total glutathione (TG), metallothionein (MT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Results showed that AgNO3 was more toxic than AgNPs at the population level: reproduction EC20 and EC50 was ca. 2 and 4 times lower, respectively. At the cellular level Correspondence Analysis showed a clear separation between AgNO3 and AgNP throughout time. Results showed differences in the mechanisms, indicating a combined effect of released Ag+ (MT and GST) and of AgNPs (CAT, GR, TG, LPO). Hence, clear advantages from mechanistic approaches are shown, but also that time is of importance when measuring such responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph121012530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,9]],"date-time":"2015-10-09T11:37:33Z","timestamp":1444390653000},"page":"12530-12542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Ag Nanoparticles (Ag NM300K) in the Terrestrial  Environment: Effects at Population and Cellular Level in  Folsomia candida (Collembola)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO BOX 314, Silkeborg DK-8600, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Janeck","family":"Scott-Fordsmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO BOX 314, Silkeborg DK-8600, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8137-3295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.01.012","article-title":"Effects of silver nanoparticles to soil invertebrates: Oxidative stress biomarkers in Eisenia fetida","volume":"199","author":"Gomes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. 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