{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T05:26:11Z","timestamp":1775193971537,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FENOMED CGL2014-54731-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FENOMED CGL2014-54731-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The impact of allergens emitted by urban green spaces on health is one of the main disservices of ecosystems. The objective of this work is to establish the potential allergenic value of some tree species in urban environments, so that the allergenicity of green spaces can be estimated through application of the Index of Urban Green Zones Allergenicity (IUGZA). Multiple types of green spaces in Mediterranean cities were selected for the estimation of IUGZ. The results show that some of the ornamental species native to the Mediterranean are among the main causative agents of allergy in the population; in particular, Oleaceae, Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, and Platanus hispanica. Variables of the strongest impact on IUGZA were the bioclimatic characteristics of the territory and design aspects, such as the density of trees and the number of species. We concluded that the methodology to assess the allergenicity associated with urban trees and urban areas presented in this work opens new perspectives in the design and planning of urban green spaces, pointing out the need to consider the potential allergenicity of a species when selecting plant material to be used in cities. Only then can urban green areas be inclusive spaces, in terms of public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16081357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T03:02:01Z","timestamp":1555470121000},"page":"1357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Estimation of the Allergenic Potential of Urban Trees and Urban Parks: Towards the Healthy Design of Urban Green Spaces of the Future"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8955-2383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paloma","family":"Cari\u00f1anos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7831-1162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Grilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Casares-Porcel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8294-7924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Branquinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nezha","family":"Acil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3411-1572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Beatrice","family":"Andreucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Architecture, Sapienza Universit\u00e1 di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Anjos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pietro Massimiliano","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Brini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6719-5752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Calaza-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spanish Association for Public Parks and Gardens, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Agency for the Service of Agricultural and Forest (ERSAF), 2014 Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6199-7789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Carrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4987-8175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Chiesura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1053-0561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otilia","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4825-6692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Mexia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Mirabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5324-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Paoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Santos-Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Semenzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land and Agro-Forestry Systems, University of Padova, 35020 Legnano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6765-0452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ursa","family":"Vilhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slovenian Forestry Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003","article-title":"The role of urban parks for the sustainable city","volume":"68","author":"Chiesura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Landsc. 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