{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:12:56Z","timestamp":1773295976362,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GAEDAF Research Group","award":["GR18003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR18003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003176","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPU15\/00450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU15\/00450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003176","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003176","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPU15\/00452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU15\/00452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003176","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Among other functions, hypoxia-inducible factor plays a critical role in bone\u2013vascular coupling and bone formation. Studies have suggested that hypoxic conditioning could be a potential nonpharmacological strategy for treating skeletal diseases. However, there is no clear consensus regarding the bone metabolism response to hypoxia. Therefore, this review aims to examine the impact of different modes of hypoxia conditioning on bone metabolism. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for experimental studies written in English that investigated the effects of modification of ambient oxygen on bone remodelling parameters of healthy organisms. Thirty-nine studies analysed the effect of sustained or cyclic hypoxia exposure on genetic and protein expression and mineralisation capacity of different cell models; three studies carried out in animal models implemented sustained or cyclic hypoxia; ten studies examined the effect of sustained, intermittent or cyclic hypoxia on bone health and hormonal responses in humans. Different modes of hypoxic conditioning may have different impacts on bone metabolism both in vivo and in vitro. Additional research is necessary to establish the optimal cyclical dose of oxygen concentration and exposure time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T10:52:51Z","timestamp":1558435971000},"page":"1799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Can Hypoxic Conditioning Improve Bone Metabolism? A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0921-2670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Camacho-Cardenosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7682-8336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"Camacho-Cardenosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2187-0465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Tim\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8256-0882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Olcina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Tomas-Carus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-812 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of \u00c9vora, 7000-812 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6249-5131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Brazo-Sayavera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, 40000 Rivera, Uruguay"},{"name":"Polo de Desarrollo Universitario EFISAL, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, 40000 Rivera, Uruguay"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00007.2015","article-title":"Humans in Hypoxia: A Conspiracy of Maladaptation?","volume":"30","author":"Dempsey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2009.03.019","article-title":"HIF-1 in the inflammatory microenvironment","volume":"315","author":"Dehne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. 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