{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:20:40Z","timestamp":1774272040640,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The benefits of warm-up in sports performance has received a special interest in the current literature. However, there is a large gap of knowledge about the tasks to be performed, specifically in the real competitive environment. The purpose of the study was to verify the acute effects of a warm-up including ballistic exercises in 100 m running performance. In addition, a second 100 m trial was assessed to better understand the warm-up effects in training and competition. Eleven men (25.4 \u00b1 6.2 years of age, 1.76 \u00b1 0.08 m of height, 78.2 \u00b1 8.6 kg of body mass) were submitted to three different protocols, in a randomized order: no warm-up (NWU), typical warm-up (WU) and WU complemented with ballistic exercises (PAP). Biomechanical, physiological and psychophysiological variables were assessed. Differences were found between the three conditions assessed in the first 100 m sprint with 7.4% and 7.6% faster performances after the WU and PAP, compared to NWU. Stride length was higher in the second part of the 100 m after PAP compared with WU. These results highlight the positive effects of warm-up for sprinting performance. The inclusion of ballistic exercises, besides being used to improve sprint performance, can increase stride length in the final of the 100 m race.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,26]],"date-time":"2019-05-26T23:07:27Z","timestamp":1558912047000},"page":"1850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Effect of Ballistic Exercise as Pre-Activation for 100 m Sprints"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maria H.","family":"Gil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9283-312X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique P.","family":"Neiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8105-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno D.","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7378-4529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe J.","family":"Aidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o, SE 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Post Graduate Program in Master\u2019s level in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o, SE 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Post Graduate Program in Doctorade and Master\u2019s level in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o, SE 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, the Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o, SE 49100-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria S.","family":"Cirilo-Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Graduate Program in Physical, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE 63105-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio C.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Marinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0958-5","article-title":"Effects of warm-up, post-warm-up, and re-warm-up strategies on explosive efforts in team sports: A systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3026","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001141","article-title":"The effects of different warm-up volumes on the 100 m swimming performance: A randomized crossover study","volume":"29","author":"Neiva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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