{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:34:28Z","timestamp":1760402068664,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study aimed to present and validate the Worker\u00b4s Healthcare Assistance Model (WHAM), which includes an interdisciplinary approach to health risk management in search of integral and integrated health, considering economic sustainability. Through the integration of distinct methodological strategies, WHAM was developed in the period from 2011 to 2018, in a workers\u2019 occupational health centre in the oil industry in Bahia, Brazil. The study included a sample of 965 workers, 91.7% of which were men, with a mean age of 44.9 years (age ranged from 23 to 73 years). The Kendall rank correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used for the validation of WHAM. The assessment of sustainable return on investment (S-ROI) was made using the WELLCAST ROI\u2122 decision support tool, covering workers with heart disease and diabetes. WHAM can be considered an innovative healthcare model, as there is no available comparative model. WHAM is considered robust, with 86% health risk explanatory capacity and with an 85.5% S-ROI. It can be concluded that WHAM is a model capable of enhancing the level of workers\u2019 health in companies, reducing costs for employers and improving the quality of life within the organization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T14:00:43Z","timestamp":1588600843000},"page":"3143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Workers\u2019 Healthcare Assistance Model (WHAM): Development, Validation, and Assessment of Sustainable Return on Investment (S-ROI)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3050-9428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian Monteiro Ferrari","family":"Viterbo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2381-8465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Santana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2777-2372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo Guedes","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2198-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alzira Pimenta","family":"Dinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersen:, K.G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W.I., Holmes, E.C., and Garry, R.F. (2020). The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Med., 26.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0820-9"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13015","article-title":"The One Health concept--the health of humans is intimately linked with the health of animals and a sustainable environmen","volume":"287","author":"Stenvinkel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Health Services Delivery Programme Division of Health Systems and Public Health (2016). Integrated Care Models: An Overview, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade Ag\u00eancia Nacional de Sa\u00fade Suplementar (2005). Duas Faces da Mesma Moeda: Microrregula\u00e7\u00e3o e Modelos Assistenciais na Sa\u00fade Suplementar, [National Agency for Supplementary Health. Two Faces of the Same Coin: Microregulation and Care Models in Supplementary Health]."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Campos, G.W.S. (1992). Reforma da Reforma: Repensando a Sa\u00fade [Reform Reform: Rethinking Health], Hucitec."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Campos, G.W.S. (1994). Modelos Assistenciais e Unidades B\u00e1sicas de Sa\u00fade: Elementos para Debate [Care Models and Basic Health Units: Elements for Debate]. Planejamento Sem Normas, Hucitec."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Rouquayrol, M., and Almeida, F. (2003). Modelos de aten\u00e7\u00e3o e vigil\u00e2ncia da sa\u00fade [Health care and surveillance models]. Epidemiologia e Sa\u00fade, MEDSI."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Merhy, E.E. (2002). Sa\u00fade: Cartografia do Trabalho vivo [Health: Mapping of Living Work], Hucitec."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Morosini, M.V.G.C., and Corbo, A.D.A. (2007). Modelos de Aten\u00e7\u00e3o e a Sa\u00fade da Fam\u00edlia [Models of Care and Family Health], EPSJV, Fiocruz."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-11692005000600016","article-title":"Programa Sa\u00fade da Fam\u00edlia: A constru\u00e7\u00e3o de um novo modelo de assist\u00eancia [Family Health Program: The construction of a new care model]","volume":"13","author":"Rosa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Lat. Am. Enfermagem."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Giovanella, L., Escorel, S., Lobato, L.V.C., Noronha, J.C., and Carvalho, A.I. (2008). Modelos de aten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 sa\u00fade no Brasil [Health care models in Brazil]. Pol\u00edticas e Sistema de Sa\u00fade no Brasil, Fiocruz."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1375","article-title":"Communication on health and safety risk control in contemporary society: An interdisciplinary approach","volume":"12","author":"Santos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Sa\u00fade Coletiva sa\u00fade coletiva"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Mendes, E.V. (2012). O Cuidado das Condi\u00e7\u00f5es Cr\u00f4nicas na Aten\u00e7\u00e3o Prim\u00e1ria \u00e0 sa\u00fade: O Imperativo da Consolida\u00e7\u00e3o da Estrat\u00e9gia da Sa\u00fade da Fam\u00edlia [The Care of Chronic Conditions in Primary Health Care: The Imperative of Consolidating the Family Health Strategy], Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Pan-Americana da Sa\u00fade."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Morosini, M.V.G.C., and Corbo, A.D.A. (2007). Modelos Assistenciais em Sa\u00fade: Desafios e perspectivas [Health Care Models: Challenges and perspectives]. Modelos de Aten\u00e7\u00e3o e a Sa\u00fade da Fam\u00edlia, EPSJV, Fiocruz."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232015206.13272014","article-title":"The health care model: Concepts and challenges for primary health care in Brazil","volume":"20","author":"Fertonani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cienc. e Saude Coletiva"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-81232009000800026","article-title":"Technology of relations as device of humanized attendance in basic attention to health in the perspective of access, sheltering and attachment","volume":"14","author":"Coelho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cienc. e Saude Coletiva"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Capra, F. (2012). O Ponto de Muta\u00e7\u00e3o [The Mutation Point], Cortez. [30th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Silva J\u00fanior, A.G. (1998). Modelos Tecnoassistenciais em Sa\u00fade: O Debate do Campo da Sa\u00fade Coletiva [Techno-Health Care Models: The Debate in the Field of puBlic Health], Hucitec."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Costa, A.S., Viterbo, L.M.F., Silva, I.B., Nascimento, S.d.O., Vidal, D.G., and Dinis, M.A.P. (2020). Use of Light Technologies as a Strategy for Changing the Health Profile of Workers with Chronic Conditions in the Oil Industry, Bahia, Brazil. Proceedings of the Person Centred Healthcare International Congress Proceedings, APASD."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Scarpi, M.J. (2010). Introduction. Administra\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade: Autogest\u00e3o de Consult\u00f3rios e Cl\u00ednicas, Doc."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Faria, H.P.D., Coelho, I.B., Werneck, M.A.F., and Santos, M.A. (2010). Dos Modelo Assistencial e Aten\u00e7\u00e3o B\u00e1sica \u00e0 Sa\u00fade [Care Model and Primary Health Care], Nescon\/UFMG, Coopmed. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Agency for Clinical Innovation (2013). Understanding the Process to Develop a Model of Care: An. ACI Framework, Agency for Clinical Innovation."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viterbo, L.M.F., Dinis, M.A.P., Vidal, D.G., and Costa, A.S. (2019). Implementation of an Interdisciplinary Approach to Promote Workers Global Health Status in the Oil Industry, Brazil (2006\u20132015). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Heal., 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16122148"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Viniegra, L.M., Ch\u00e1vez, S.M., and Rodrigo, E.M. (2018). Interdisciplinarity: An articulating movement in the field of worker\u2019s health. La Comunicaci\u00f3n ante el Ciudadano, Editorial GEDISA."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"335","article-title":"Significados e limites das estrat\u00e9gias de integra\u00e7\u00e3o disciplinar: Uma reflex\u00e3o sobre as contribui\u00e7\u00f5es da sa\u00fade do trabalhador [Meanings and limits concerned to the strategies of disciplinary integration: A reflection about the contributions from the work]","volume":"7","author":"Almeida","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cien. Saude Colet."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2007000400003","article-title":"O campo Sa\u00fade do Trabalhador: Resgatando conhecimentos e pr\u00e1ticas sobre as rela\u00e7\u00f5es trabalho-sa\u00fade [The Field of Occupational Health: Rescuing knowledge and practices about work-health relations]","volume":"23","author":"Lacaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cad. Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Annandale, E. (1998). The Sociology of Health and Medicine: A Critical Introduction, Polity Press."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Kelly, M.P., Morgan, A., Bonnefoy, J., Butt, J., Bergman, V., Mackenbach, W.J., Exworthy, M., Popay, J., Tugwell, P., and Robinson, V. (2007). The Social Determinants of Health: Developing an Evidence Base for Political Action, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Final Report to World Health Organization Commission on the Social Determinants of Health."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.09.019","article-title":"Social determinants and lifestyles: Integrating environmental and public health perspectives","volume":"141","author":"Graham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5497201700050018","article-title":"Fatores de risco relacionados \u00e0 carga global de doen\u00e7a do Brasil e Unidades Federadas [Risk factors related to the global burden of disease in Brazil and Federated Units], 2015","volume":"20","author":"Malta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.12691\/jephh-4-2-3","article-title":"Environment and Human Health","volume":"4","author":"Dinis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Pollut. Hum. Heal."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arezes, P.M., Baptista, J.S., Barroso, M.P., Carneiro, P., Cordeiro, P., Costa, N., Melo, R.B., Miguel, A.S., and Perestrelo, G. (2020). Health Monitoring and Intervention Plan on Oil Industry Workers: Results from a Case-Study. Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health II. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41486-3"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casini, M., Bastianoni, S., Gagliardi, F., Gigliotti, M., Riccaboni, A., and Betti, G. (2019). Sustainable Development Goals Indicators: A Methodological Proposal for a Multidimensional Fuzzy Index in the Mediterranean Area. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11041198"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-12902013000300004","article-title":"Desenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel e sa\u00fade do trabalhador nos estudos de impacto ambiental de refinarias no Brasil [Sustainable development and worker health in the environmental impact studies of refineries in Brazil]","volume":"22","author":"Augusto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saude e Soc."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"717","article-title":"Impact of Working Environment on Job Satisfaction","volume":"23","author":"Raziq","year":"2015","journal-title":"2nd Glob. Conf. Bus. Econ. Manag. Tour."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2014.12.007","article-title":"A cost\u2013benefit analysis of three older adult fall prevention interventions","volume":"52","author":"Stevens","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-5.4.311","article-title":"A review and analysis of the health and cost-effective outcome studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease prevention programs","volume":"5","author":"Pelletier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090930","article-title":"The Health and Cost Benefits of Work Site Health-Promotion Programs","volume":"29","author":"Goetzel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380230059026","article-title":"Impact of worksite health promotion on health care costs and utilization. Evaluation of Johnson & Johnson\u2019s Live for Life program","volume":"256","author":"Bly","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(90)90002-2","article-title":"Worksite health promotion: Its evolution and the Johnson & Johnson experience","volume":"19","author":"Breslow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Prev. Med. (Baltim)"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-14.1.31","article-title":"A return on investment evaluation of the Citibank, N.A., health management program","volume":"14","author":"Ozminkowski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Building program participation: Strategies for recruitment and retention in worksite health promotion programs","volume":"18","author":"Serxner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"w242","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.26.2.w242","article-title":"Health spending projections through 2016: Modest changes obscure part D\u2019s impact","volume":"26","author":"Poisal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Aff. (Millwood)"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000555","article-title":"Impacts of Workplace Health Promotion and Wellness Programs on Health Care Utilization and Costs: Results From an Academic Workplace","volume":"57","author":"Dement","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munir, F., Miller, P., Biddle, S.J.H., Davies, M.J., Dunstan, D.W., Esliger, D.W., Gray, L.J., O\u2019Connell, S.E., Waheed, G., and Yates, T. (2020). A Cost and Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Stand More AT Work (SMArT Work) Intervention. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041214"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peik, S., Schimmel, E., and Hejazi, S. (2019). Projected return on investment of a corporate global health programme. BMC Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7857-z"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3740","article-title":"Economic evaluation of a randomized controlled trial of an intervention to reduce office workers\u2019 sitting time: The \u201cStand Up Victoria\u201d trial","volume":"44","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arezes, P.M., Baptista, J.S., Barroso, M.P., Carneiro, P., Cordeiro, P., Costa, N., Melo, R.B., Miguel, A.S., and Perestrelo, G. (2020). Health Risk Assessment in Oil Industry in Bahia, Brazil: The Worker\u2019s Health Risk Index (WHRI). Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health II, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41486-3"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viterbo, L.M.F., Dinis, M.A.P., Costa, A.S., and Vidal, D.G. (2019). Development and Validation of an Interdisciplinary Worker\u2019s Health Approach Instrument (IWHAI). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16152803"},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"(2020, March 17). World Health Organization ICD-11\u2014International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. The Global Standard for Diagnostic Health Information. Available online: https:\/\/icd.who.int\/en."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-71672009000200008","article-title":"Sistematiza\u00e7\u00e3o da Assist\u00eancia de Enfermagem em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva [Systematization of Nursing Care in an Intensive Care Unit]","volume":"62","author":"Truppel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Enferm."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-71672009000500019","article-title":"Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o Internacional para a Pr\u00e1tica de Enfermagem: Instrumental tecnol\u00f3gico para a pr\u00e1tica profissional [International Classification for Nursing Practice: Technological instrument for professional practice]","volume":"62","author":"Garcia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Enferm."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2012). International Dietetics and Nutritional Terminology (Idnt) Reference Manual: Standard Language for the Nutrition Care Process, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dinis, M.A.P., Sousa, H.F.P., Moura, A.D., Viterbo, L.M.F., and Pinto, R.J. (2019). Health Behaviors as a Mediator of the Association Between Interpersonal Relationships and Physical Health in a Workplace Context. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16132392"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"(2020, March 20). Wellcast Decision Support Our Analytical Tool: Wellcast Roi. Available online: http:\/\/www.wellcast-roi.com\/pt\/?p=wellcastroi."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61752-3","article-title":"The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: A historical perspective","volume":"383","author":"Mahmood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade (2012). Approves Regulatory Norms of Research Involving Human Beings; National Health Council Resolution No 466 of December 12, 2012."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eng, J.Y., Moy, F.M., and Bulgiba, A. (2016). Impact of a workplace health promotion program on employees\u2019 blood pressure in a public university. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148307"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2010.0009","article-title":"Impact of a Comprehensive Worksite Wellness Program on Health Risk, Utilization, and Health Care Costs","volume":"14","author":"Hochart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Popul. Health Manag."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2342-y","article-title":"Periodontitis and diabetes: A two-way relationship","volume":"55","author":"Preshaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12317","article-title":"The association between oral hygiene and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Lertpimonchai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arezes, P.M., Baptista, J.S., Barroso, M.P., Carneiro, P., Cordeiro, P., Costa, N., Melo, R.B., Miguel, A.S., and Perestrelo, G. (2020). Effectiveness of an Oral Health Program Among Brazilian Oil Workers. Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health II. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41486-3"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"112","article-title":"Effect Of Diet Counseling On Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"4","author":"Sami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"292","article-title":"The level of nutrition knowledge versus dietary habits of diabetes patients treated with insulin","volume":"39","author":"Holynska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pol. Merkur. Lekarski"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515002068","article-title":"Diabetes-related nutrition knowledge and dietary intake among adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"114","author":"Breen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2010.00915.x","article-title":"Is workplace screening for potentially malignant oral disorders feasible in India?","volume":"39","author":"Warnakulasuriya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Oral. Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.16-0245-RA","article-title":"Promoting physical activity in the workplace: A systematic meta-review","volume":"59","author":"Jirathananuwat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skovlund, S.V., Blafoss, R., Sundstrup, E., and Andersen, L.L. (2020). Association between physical work demands and work ability in workers with musculoskeletal pain: Cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03191-8"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Welch, A., Healy, G., Straker, L., Comans, T., O\u2019Leary, S., Melloh, M., Sjogaard, G., Pereira, M., Chen, X., and Johnston, V. (2020). Process evaluation of a workplace-based health promotion and exercise cluster-randomised trial to increase productivity and reduce neck pain in office workers: A RE-AIM approach. BMC Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8208-9"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-017-0840-0","article-title":"Workplace Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review","volume":"17","author":"Hafez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. Rep."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102150","article-title":"Shift work and diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"72","author":"Gan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1080\/03601270290081416","article-title":"Developing and Evaluating an Interdisciplinary Clinical Team Training Program: Lessons Taught and Lessons Learned","volume":"28","author":"Clark","year":"2002","journal-title":"Educ. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arezes, P.M., Baptista, J.S., Barroso, M.P., Carneiro, P., Cordeiro, P., Costa, N., Melo, R.B., Miguel, A.S., and Perestrelo, G. (2020). Communication of Environmental Risks to Potentially Exposed Workers: An Experience in the Oil Industry, Bahia, Brazil. Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health II. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41486-3"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-15.5.296","article-title":"Financial impact of health promotion programs: A comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Aldana","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-19.4.TAHP-1","article-title":"Meta-evaluation of worksite health promotion economic return studies: 2005 update","volume":"19","author":"Chapman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000174303.85442.bf","article-title":"A review and analysis of the clinical and cost-effectiveness studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease management programs at the worksite: Update VI 2000-2004","volume":"47","author":"Pelletier","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/9\/3143\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:24:12Z","timestamp":1760361852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/9\/3143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph17093143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17093143","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]}}}