{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:41:19Z","timestamp":1774687279811,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["process 2018\/06402-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["process 2018\/06402-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Catarinense de Basketball (Basketball Federation of Santa Catarina)","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Early sport specialization has increased its popularity mostly based on the deliberate practice theory premises. In this study, we examined the influence of the age of onset of deliberate basketball practice on body size, functional performance (countermovement jump, line drill and yo-yo intermittent recovery level 1), motivation for achievement and competitiveness, motivation for deliberate practice and sources of enjoyment among young Brazilian basketball players. In addition, we adjusted for the influence of gender, age group, maturity status and state basketball federation on the outcomes. Methods: The sample included 120 female and 201 male adolescent basketball players aged 14.0 (1.7) years, on average. We grouped players by the age of onset of deliberate basketball practice as related to biologic maturation milestones (pre-puberty deliberate practice onset, mid-puberty deliberate practice onset and late-puberty deliberate practice onset). Results: There was no substantial variation among contrasting players by the onset of deliberate practice in all of the outcomes. Adjusting for gender, male players with late-puberty deliberate practice onset had better functional performance than players with pre- and mid-puberty onset of practice. Females players with late-puberty deliberate practice onset had slightly worst functional performance than players with pre- and mid-puberty onset of practice. Conclusions: Early deliberate basketball practice does not appear to provide an advantage for the development of physiological functions. Likewise, enjoyment, motivation for deliberate practice and motivation for achievement and competition do not appear to be negatively influenced by early deliberate basketball practice. The debate about the relationship between time spent in deliberate practice and performance development in young athletes will need to emphasize the coaching pedagogical quality and the training environment and account for informal practice and deliberate play.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T05:16:14Z","timestamp":1591679774000},"page":"4078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Deliberate Practice, Functional Performance and Psychological Characteristics in Young Basketball Players: A Bayesian Multilevel Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8691-5719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahlan B.","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina SC 88040-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Juarez V.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina SC 88040-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3843-2648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago J.","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6629-656X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 L.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina SC 88040-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Roberto R.","family":"Paes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-851, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6687-9041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2855-0296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina SC 88040-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hodges, N.J., and Williams, A.M. 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