{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:43:44Z","timestamp":1771235024305,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the degree to which transcutaneous electrical stimulation (ES) enhanced recovery following a simulated water rescue. Twenty-six lifeguards participated in this study. The rescue consisted of swimming 100 m with fins and rescue-tube: 50 m swim approach and 50 m tow-in a simulated victim. Blood lactate clearance, rated perceived effort (RPE), and muscle contractile properties were evaluated at baseline, after the water rescue, and after ES or passive-recovery control condition (PR) protocol. Tensiomiography, RPE, and blood lactate basal levels indicated equivalence between both groups. There was no change in tensiomiography from pre to post-recovery and no difference between recovery protocols. Overall-RPE, legs-RPE and arms-RPE after ES (mean \u00b1 SD; 2.7 \u00b1 1.53, 2.65 \u00b1 1.66, and 2.30 \u00b1 1.84, respectively) were moderately lower than after PR (3.57 \u00b1 2.4, 3.71 \u00b1 2.43, and 3.29 \u00b1 1.79, respectively) (p = 0.016, p = 0.010, p = 0.028, respectively). There was a significantly lower blood lactate level after recovery in ES than in PR (mean \u00b1 SD; 4.77 \u00b1 1.86 mmol\u00b7L\u22121 vs. 6.27 \u00b1 3.69 mmol\u00b7L\u22121; p = 0.045). Low-frequency ES immediately after a water rescue is an effective recovery strategy to clear out blood lactate concentration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T09:14:49Z","timestamp":1597223689000},"page":"5854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Is Low-Frequency Electrical Stimulation a Tool for Recovery after a Water Rescue? A Cross-Over Study with Lifeguards"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7247-0509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Barcala-Furelos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain"},{"name":"CLINURSID Network Research, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Represas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Vigo, 36005 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4770-2694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15006 La Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8519-6596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Kal\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9619-8618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Rama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2015.1117352","article-title":"Impact of error self-perception of aerobic capacity in the safety and efficacy of the lifeguards","volume":"22","author":"Prieto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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