{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:22:28Z","timestamp":1777890148269,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Center for Psychology at the University of Porto (FCT UIDB\/00050\/2020)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Center for Psychology at the University of Porto (FCT UIDB\/00050\/2020)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Policing is a stressful occupation, which impairs police officers\u2019 physical\/mental health and elicits burnout, aggressive behaviors and suicide. Resilience and coping facilitate the management of job stress policing, which can be operational or organizational. All these constructs are associated, and they must be assessed by instruments sensitive to policing idiosyncrasies. This study aims to identify operational and organizational stress, burnout, resilient coping and coping strategies among police officers, as well to analyze the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of the Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire. A cross-sectional study, with online questionnaires, collected data of 1131 police officers. With principal components and confirmatory factor analysis, PSQ-org revealed adequate psychometric properties, despite the exclusion of four items, and revealed a structure with two factors (poor management and lack of resources, and responsibilities and burden). Considering cut-off points, 88.4% police officers presented high operational stress, 87.2% high organizational stress, 10.9% critical values for burnout and 53.8% low resilient coping, preferring task-orientated than emotion and avoidance coping. Some differences were found according to gender, age and job experience. Job stress and burnout correlated negatively with resilient coping, enthusiasm towards job and task-orientated coping. Results reinforce the importance to invest on police officers\u2019 occupational health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T10:24:09Z","timestamp":1600165449000},"page":"6718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Job Stress, Burnout and Coping in Police Officers: Relationships and Psychometric Properties of the Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8045-5317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Queir\u00f3s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Passos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Unit of the Portuguese National Police, 2605-000 Belas-Sintra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0817-0157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"B\u00e1rtolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1943-2255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2720-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia Monteiro","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8656-5023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Jos\u00e9","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1399-6674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos F.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3897-2732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1108\/PIJPSM-06-2016-0097","article-title":"Police stressors and health: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"40","author":"Violanti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Policing"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02216","article-title":"Stress-activity mapping: Physiological responses during general duty police encounters","volume":"10","author":"Baldwin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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