{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T01:01:41Z","timestamp":1767920501647,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Education\u2019s University Lecturer Training Programme","award":["AP2009-4621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP2009-4621"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sport participation has been advocated as a strategy to improve adolescents\u2019 mental health. However, how these variables evolve during the adolescent years is uncertain. The objective of the present work was to examine the longitudinal associations of sports participation and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Participants were 525 Spanish adolescents (50.3% boys), aged between 12 and 15 years old (M = 13.45, SD = 0.69). They were enrolled in 18 secondary schools located in Andalusia (Spain) in the first two academic years of Compulsory Secondary Education. Data were collected in three waves, separated by one year, by administering self-report measures of depressive symptoms and sport participation. Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to examine the change in depressive symptoms and sport participation, and a latent growth curve model was tested to examine the change in depressive symptoms controlling initial sport participation and gender. At each wave, more frequent sport participation was related to lower depressive symptoms. Two years after the first assessment, adolescents became more depressed but not more active. Less active adolescents had more depressive symptoms in each assessment time. At all moments of assessment, girls were less active and reported more depressive symptoms. Moreover, girls had a higher increase in depressive symptoms than boys. Promotion of physical activity (PA) as a mental health strategy needs to consider gender differences as boys and girls have different patterns of presentation of depressive symptoms throughout adolescence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T08:59:22Z","timestamp":1602665962000},"page":"7469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Longitudinal Association between Sport Participation and Depressive Symptoms after a Two-Year Follow-Up in Mid-Adolescence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4651-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"G\u00f3mez-Baya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7551-6445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Calmeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, UK"},{"name":"School of Medicine\/ISAMB Environmental Health Center, 1000-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine\/ISAMB Environmental Health Center, 1000-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Universidade Lusiada, 1000-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Projeto Aventura Social, 1000-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9850-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adilson","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine\/ISAMB Environmental Health Center, 1000-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1000-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1166-3219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine\/ISAMB Environmental Health Center, 1000-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Projeto Aventura Social, 1000-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Education, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, 7800 Beja, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6072-6012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Peralta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine\/ISAMB Environmental Health Center, 1000-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1000-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Gaspar de Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine\/ISAMB Environmental Health Center, 1000-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Projeto Aventura Social, 1000-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1000-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.532","article-title":"Association Between Media Use in Adolescence and Depression in Young Adulthood: A longitudinal study","volume":"66","author":"Primack","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. 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