{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T20:10:28Z","timestamp":1775592628857,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04748\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04748\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to compare the velocity, physiological responses, and stroke mechanics between the lactate parameters determined in an incremental step test (IST) and maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Fourteen well-trained male swimmers (16.8 \u00b1 2.8 years) were timed for 400 m and 200 m (T200). Afterwards, a 7 \u00d7 200-m front-crawl IST was performed. Swimming velocity, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLC), stroke mechanics, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured throughout the IST and in the 30-min continuous test (CT) bouts for MLSS determination. Swimming velocities at lactate threshold determined with log-log methodology (1.34 \u00b1 0.06 m\u2219s\u22121) and Dmax methodology (1.40 \u00b1 0.06 m\u2219s\u22121); and also, the velocity at BLC of 4 mmol\u2219L\u22121 (1.36 \u00b1 0.07) were not significantly different from MLSSv, however, Bland\u2013Altman analysis showed wide limits of agreement and the concordance correlation coefficient showed poor strength of agreement between the aforementioned parameters which precludes their interchangeable use. Stroke mechanics, HR, RPE, and BLC in MLSSv were not significantly different from the fourth repetition of IST (85% of T200), which by itself can provide useful support to daily practice of well-trained swimmers. Nevertheless, the determination of MLSSv, based on a CT, remains more accurate for exercise evaluation and prescription.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T19:55:56Z","timestamp":1610308556000},"page":"477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Can an Incremental Step Test Be Used for Maximal Lactate Steady State Determination in Swimming? Clues for Practice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1rio C.","family":"Espada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Set\u00fabal, Department of Science and Technology, 2914-514 Setubal, Portugal"},{"name":"Quality of Life Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco B.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"D\u00e1lia","family":"Curto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia C.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Set\u00fabal, Department of Science and Technology, 2914-514 Setubal, Portugal"},{"name":"Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1356-7853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando J.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Set\u00fabal, Department of Science and Technology, 2914-514 Setubal, Portugal"},{"name":"Quality of Life Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3975-9260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalton M.","family":"Pess\u00f4a-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Bioscience, Graduate Program in Human Development and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2906-3665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana F.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200029060-00001","article-title":"The effect of endurance training on parameters of aerobic fitness","volume":"29","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000504","article-title":"Ventilatory and Physiological Responses in Swimmers Below and Above Their Maximal Lactate Steady State","volume":"29","author":"Espada","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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