{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T03:28:35Z","timestamp":1775791715468,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010 \u2013 Health, Comfort and Energy in the Built Environment (HEBE), cofinanced by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (NORTE2020), through Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010 \u2013 Health, Comfort and Energy in the Built Environment (HEBE), cofinanced by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (NORTE2020), through Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The benefits of swimming have been extensively assessed. However, swimming pools contain chlorine and other irritating chemicals that may induce contact dermatitis. To evaluate the effect of a swimming training session on transepidermal water loss (TWEL) in swimmers compared to football players, elite swimmers and football players were invited to participate (58 athletes) in the study, where TEWL was measured before, immediately after, and 30 min after a 2 h training session. The probe was held on the dorsum of the hand, volar forearm, and on the antecubital flexure for 1 min. The volar forearm, antecubital flexure, and hand dorsum showed a significant increase in TEWL in swimmers in both measurements after training compared to baseline (p &lt; 0.001). In football players, an increase in TEWL was observed on the hands\u2019 dorsum between baseline and after training measurements. The variations on TEWL levels before and immediately after the training session were higher among swimmers on the volar forearm (p = 0.002) and antecubital flexure (p = 0.019). Our findings support the effect of the training environment\u2014swimming pool versus outdoor sports\u2014on the skin barrier function, with an increase of transepidermal water loss immediately after exercise. Exposure to a swimming pool environment in a 2 h training session may lead to changes in skin barrier function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T11:39:14Z","timestamp":1610624354000},"page":"653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effects of Exercise on the Skin Epithelial Barrier of Young Elite Athletes-Swimming Comparatively to Non-Water Sports Training Session"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Paci\u00eancia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Rodolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia, Hospital S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7032-4260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonor","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia, Hospital S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia, Hospital S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1175-242X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cavaleiro Rufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Padr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da, Universidade do Porto, 4150-177 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da, Universidade do Porto, 4150-177 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9738-8210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Laerte Boechat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2375-9071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia, Hospital S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia, Hospital S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da, Universidade do Porto, 4150-177 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.04.018","article-title":"Indoor swimming pool attendance and respiratory and dermal health in schoolchildren\u2014HITEA Catalonia","volume":"108","author":"Villanueva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beggs, S., Foong, Y.C., Le, H.C., Noor, D., Wood-Baker, R., and Walters, J.A. (2013). 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