{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T14:07:35Z","timestamp":1764079655409,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04295\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04295\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Women are exposed to increased burden of mental disorders during the perinatal period: 13\u201319% experience postpartum depression. Perinatal psychological suffering affects early mother-child relationship, impacting child\u2019s emotional and cognitive development. Return-to-work brings additional vulnerability given the required balance between parenting and job demands. The MAternal Mental Health in the WORKplace (MAMH@WORK) project aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a brief and sustainable intervention, promoting (a) maternal mental health throughout pregnancy and first 12 months after delivery, and (b) quality of mother\u2013child interactions, child emotional self-regulation, and cognitive self-control, while (c) reducing perinatal absenteeism and presenteeism. MAMH@WORK is a three-arm randomized controlled trial. A short-term cognitive-behavioral therapy-based (CBT-based) psychoeducation plus biofeedback intervention will be implemented by psychiatrists and psychologists, following a standardized procedure manual developed after consensus (Delphi method). Participants (n = 225, primiparous, singleton pregnant women at 28\u201330 weeks gestational age, aged 18\u201340 years, employed) will be randomly allocated to arms: CBT-based psychoeducation intervention (including mindfulness); psychoeducation plus biofeedback intervention; and control. Assessments will take place before and after delivery. Main outcomes (and main tools): mental health literacy (MHLS), psychological wellbeing (HADS, EPDS, KBS, CD-RISC, BRIEF COPE), quality of mother\u2013child interaction, child\u2013mother attachment, child emotional self-regulation and cognitive self-control (including PBQ, Strange Situation Procedure, QDIBRB, SGS-II, CARE-Index), job engagement (UWES), and presenteeism. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be conducted; Cohen\u2019s d coefficient, Cramer\u2019s V and odds ratio will be used to assess the effect size of the intervention. MAMH@WORK is expected to contribute to mental health promotion during the perinatal period and beyond. Its results have the potential to inform health policies regarding work\u2013life balance and maternal mental health and wellbeing promotion in the workplace.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T21:58:07Z","timestamp":1614895087000},"page":"2558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["MAternal Mental Health in the WORKplace (MAMH@WORK): A Protocol for Promoting Perinatal Maternal Mental Health and Wellbeing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9784-8272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviHeB Lab., Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Osvaldo","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviHeB Lab., Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa (FMUL), 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Unbreakable Idea Research, Lda., 2550-426 Painho, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0428-6643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Virgolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviHeB Lab., Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa (FMUL), 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1184-8897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Em\u00edlia","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Psiqui\u00e1trico de Lisboa, 1749-002 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2253-9387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miodraga","family":"Stefanovska-Petkovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviHeB Lab., Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3258-5851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacol. Sc Depart, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8543-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Navarro-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa (FMUL), 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2622-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui C\u00e9sar","family":"das Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAST\u2014Consultoria e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es em Sistemas e Tecnologia, Lda., 1800-075 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4471-4932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Duarte e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa (FMUL), 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte (CHULN), 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4807-5904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta","family":"Alarc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviHeB Lab., Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Estudos de Sociologia, ISCTE\u2014Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consulting House, 1600-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center for Psychological Science (CICPSI), Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Heitor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa (FMUL), 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Psiquiatria e Sa\u00fade Mental do Hospital Beatriz \u00c2ngelo, 2674-514 Loures, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Committee on Obstetric Practice (2015). The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee Opinion No. 630. Screening for perinatal depression. Obstet. Gynecol., 125, 1268\u20131271.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000465192.34779.dc"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.6.1144","article-title":"Goal reconstruction and depressive symptoms during the transition to motherhood: Evidence from two cross-lagged longitudinal studies","volume":"81","author":"Nurmi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.6.762","article-title":"Postpartum depression","volume":"287","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/0954026031000136857","article-title":"Postpartum mood disorders","volume":"15","author":"Seyfried","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"664","article-title":"Pregnancy: Physical and Body Image Changes","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Cash","year":"2012","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2015.04.005","article-title":"The meaning of body image experiences during the perinatal period: A systematic review of the qualitative literature","volume":"14","author":"Watson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Brazelton, T.B., and Cranmer, B.G. (1990). The Earliest Relationship, Maddison-Wesley Publishing Company."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0355(199123)12:3<174::AID-IMHJ2280120305>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Maternal representations: A clinical and subjective phenomenological view","volume":"12","author":"Stern","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infant Ment. Health J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.155.3.356","article-title":"Maternity blues. I. Detection and measurement by questionnaire","volume":"155","author":"Kennerley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1080\/01674820801990577","article-title":"Maternity blues as predictor of postpartum depression: A prospective cohort study among Japanese women","volume":"29","author":"Watanabe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.05.003","article-title":"Maternity blues as a predictor of DSM-IV depression and anxiety disorders in the first three months postpartum","volume":"113","author":"Reck","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.21.2616","article-title":"Postpartum depression\u2014A major public health problem","volume":"296","author":"Wisner","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185612","article-title":"Postpartum depression: Current status and future directions","volume":"9","author":"McCabe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5, American Psychiatric Publishing. [5th ed.].","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-2011.2010.00002.x","article-title":"Depression screening during pregnancy","volume":"56","author":"Breedlove","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105312462437","article-title":"Body dissatisfaction during pregnancy: A systematic review of cross-sectional and prospective correlates","volume":"18","author":"Skouteris","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.605","article-title":"Prenatal and postpartum depression in fathers and its association with maternal depression","volume":"303","author":"Paulson","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840.2012.673054","article-title":"Postpartum depression is a family affair: Addressing the impact on mothers, fathers, and children","volume":"33","author":"Letourneau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Issues Ment. Health Nurs."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/0954026031000136866","article-title":"The impact of maternal depression on familial relationships","volume":"15","author":"Burke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.02010.x","article-title":"Evidence for a neuroendocrinological foundation of human affiliation: Plasma oxytocin levels across pregnancy and the postpartum period predict mother-infant bonding","volume":"18","author":"Feldman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/10673229.2011.549771","article-title":"The role of oxytocin in mother-infant relations: A systematic review of human studies","volume":"19","author":"Galbally","year":"2011","journal-title":"Harv. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.2.175","article-title":"Anybody\u2019s child: Severe disorders of mother-to- infant bonding","volume":"171","author":"Kumar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-005-0074-z","article-title":"A new Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale: Links with early maternal mood","volume":"8","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-012-0291-1","article-title":"A Japanese version of Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale: Factor structure, longitudinal changes and links with maternal mood during the early postnatal period in Japanese mothers","volume":"15","author":"Yoshida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-006-0148-6","article-title":"Maternal bond and mother-child interaction in severe postpartum psychiatric disorders: Is there a link?","volume":"9","author":"Hornstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-013-0354-y","article-title":"Mother-child bonding at 1 year; Associations with symptoms of postnatal depression and bonding in the first few weeks","volume":"16","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00367-6","article-title":"Postpartum depression and mother-infant relationship at 3 months old","volume":"70","author":"Bousquet","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/9.8.541","article-title":"Infant-parent attachment: Definition, types, antecedents, measurement and outcome","volume":"9","author":"Benoit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.09.022","article-title":"Breastfeeding and depression: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"171","author":"Dias","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-011-0812-y","article-title":"Postpartum depression prevalence and impact on infant health, weight, and sleep in low-income and ethnic minority women and infants","volume":"16","author":"Luecken","year":"2012","journal-title":"Matern. Child Health J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.4363","article-title":"Association of persistent and severe postnatal depression with child outcomes","volume":"75","author":"Netsi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.36.6.759","article-title":"Chronicity, severity, and timing of maternal depressive symptoms: Relationships with child outcomes at age 5","volume":"36","author":"Brennan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61277-0","article-title":"Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child","volume":"384","author":"Stein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9504-8","article-title":"Predictors of parent-reported attention-deficit \/ hyperactivity disorder in children aged 6\u20137 years: A national longitudinal study","volume":"39","author":"Sciberras","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child Psychol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.036","article-title":"Differential perinatal risk factors in children with attention-deficit\/ hyperactivity disorder by subtype","volume":"219","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kingston, D., Kehler, H., Austin, M., Mughal, M.K., Wajid, A., Vermeyden, L., Benzies, K., Brown, S., Stuart, S., and Giallo, R. (2018). Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the first 12 months postpartum and child externalizing and internalizing behavior at three years. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195365"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12483","article-title":"Maternal perinatal mental health and offspring academic achievement at age 16: The mediating role of childhood executive function","volume":"57","author":"Pearson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2012.07.014","article-title":"Maternal depression, family functioning and children\u2019s longitudinal development","volume":"28","author":"Letourneau","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dennis, C.L., and Dowswell, T. (2013). Psychosocial and psychological interventions for preventing postpartum depression (Review). Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 1\u2013206.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001134.pub3"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"European Network for Workplace Health Promotion (2018). Luxembourg Declaration on Workplace Health Promotion in the European Union, ENWHP."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1177\/0972150916645701","article-title":"Drivers of employee engagement: The role of leadership style","volume":"17","author":"Popli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinder, A., Hughes, R., and Cooper, C.L. (2008). In consideration of a toxic workplace: A suitable place for treatment. Employee Well-Being Support a Workplace Resource, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470773246"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Jurviste, U., Prpic, M., and Sabbati, G. (2019). Maternity and Paternity Leave in the EU."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Jahoda, M. (1982). Employment and Unemployment: A Social-Psychology Analysis, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1177\/0884217504266909","article-title":"Maternal perspectives on postpartum return to the workplace","volume":"33","author":"Nichols","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynecol. Neonatal Nurs."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.2307\/258214","article-title":"Sources of conflict between work and family roles","volume":"10","author":"Greenhaus","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"PORDATA (2020, March 18). Idade M\u00e9dia da M\u00e3e ao Nascimento do Primeiro Filho. Available online: https:\/\/www.pordata.pt\/Portugal\/Idade+m\u00e9dia+da+m\u00e3e+ao+nascimento+do+primeiro+filho-805."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/02678370412331317499","article-title":"The contribution of supervisor behaviour to employee psychological well-being","volume":"18","author":"Gilbreath","year":"2004","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/02678373.2010.495262","article-title":"Are leaders\u2019 well-being, behaviours and style associated with the affective well-being of their employees? A systematic review of three decades of research","volume":"24","author":"Skakon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"European Union (2019). Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Work-Life Balance for Parents and Carers and Repealing, Coucil Directive 2010\/18\/EU."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-014-0475-y","article-title":"Preventing postpartum depression: Review and recommendations","volume":"18","author":"Werner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.20865","article-title":"Interventions to prevent perinatal depression\u2014Evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"321","author":"Senger","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-018-0901-7","article-title":"Interventions for the prevention of postpartum depression in adolescent mothers: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Sangsawang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-018-09427-7","article-title":"Combining biofeedback with stress management interventions: A systematic review of physiological and psychological effects","volume":"44","author":"Buyck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback"},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (2019, September 24). About Biofeedback\u2014AAPB. Available online: https:\/\/www.aapb.org\/i4a\/pages\/index.cfm?pageid=3463."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-012-0318-7","article-title":"A pilot study of heart rate variability biofeedback therapy in the treatment of perinatal depression on a specialized perinatal psychiatry inpatient unit","volume":"16","author":"Beckham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-014-9259-4","article-title":"Heart rate variability biofeedback intervention for reduction of psychological stress during the early postpartum period","volume":"39","author":"Kudo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-017-0726-x","article-title":"Mindfulness-based interventions during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Dhillon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-016-0673-y","article-title":"The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on maternal perinatal mental health outcomes: A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.bpg016","article-title":"Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future","volume":"10","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-019-01163-1","article-title":"Effects of brief mindfulness-based interventions on health-related outcomes: A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Howarth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018555","article-title":"The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review","volume":"78","author":"Hofmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, W.-L., Chang, C.-W., Chen, S.-M., and Gau, M.-L. (2019). Assessing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based programs on mental health during pregnancy and early motherhood\u2014A randomized control trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2503-4"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"202","article-title":"What does family-friendly really mean? Wellbeing, time, and the quality of parents\u2019 jobs","volume":"33","author":"Strazdins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aust. Bull. Labour"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leigh, B., and Milgrom, J. (2008). Risk factors for antenatal depression, postnatal depression and parenting stress. BMC Psychiatry, 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-24"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3109\/09540269609037816","article-title":"Rates and risk of postpartum depression\u2014A meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Swain","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2307\/2529712","article-title":"Sequential treatment assignment with balancing for prognostic factors in the controlled clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Pocock","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyl081","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of health promotion programs: Using the RE-AIM framework to form summary measures for decision making involving complex issues","volume":"21","author":"Glasgow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2004.11.015","article-title":"Enhancing adherence in clinical research","volume":"26","author":"Robiner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"IBM Corporation (2019). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0, IBM."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"R Core Development Team (2014). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.05.064","article-title":"The Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS): A new scale-based measure of mental health literacy","volume":"229","author":"Casey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Rocha, I. (2016). Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o e Valida\u00e7\u00e3o da Escala Mental Health Literacy para a Popula\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa [Adaptation and Validation of the Mental Health Literacy Scale for the Portuguese Population], Instituto Piaget."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500500524088","article-title":"Validation study of a Portuguese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale","volume":"12","author":"Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782","article-title":"Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale","volume":"150","author":"Cox","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.169.1.30","article-title":"Comparative incidence of depression in women and men, during pregnancy and after childbirth: Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in Portuguese mothers","volume":"169","author":"Areias","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10113","article-title":"Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC)","volume":"18","author":"Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anjos, J.F., Heitor Dos Santos, M., Ribeiro, M.T., and Moreira, S. (2019). Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: Validation study in a Portuguese sample. BMJ Open, 9.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026836"},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"Heitor, M.J. (2019). Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Sa\u00fade Mental no Trabalho: Estudo Observacional de Determinantes Biopsicossociais e Presentismo, Universidade de Lisboa."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0401_6","article-title":"You want to measure coping but your protocol\u2019s too long: Consider the brief COPE","volume":"4","author":"Carver","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"Lazarus, R.S., and Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping., Springer."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veenhoven, R. (2021, January 12). Measures of Happiness, World Database of Happiness. Available online: http:\/\/worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl\/hap_quer\/hqi_fp.htm.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781788119344.00009"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1891\/1061-3749.4.2.129","article-title":"The Postpartum Support Questionnaire: Reliability and validity","volume":"4","author":"Logsdon","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Meas."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"115","article-title":"Amores satisfeitos, mas n\u00e3o perfeitos","volume":"12","author":"Narciso","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cad. Consult. Psicol\u00f3gica"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ainsworth, M.D.S., Blehar, M.C., Waters, E., and Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation, Lawrence Erlbaum.","DOI":"10.1037\/t28248-000"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-006-0132-1","article-title":"The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire: A validation","volume":"9","author":"Brockington","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"47","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da liga\u00e7\u00e3o parental ao beb\u00e9 ap\u00f3s o nascimento: An\u00e1lise fatorial confirmat\u00f3ria da vers\u00e3o portuguesa do Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ)","volume":"10","author":"Fonseca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Laborat\u00f3rio Psicol."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"29","article-title":"The \u201cQuestionnaire on the Difference Imaginary Baby Vs. Real Baby\u201d: A new instrument for the evaluation of differences between perinatal and postnatal maternal perceptions after delivery","volume":"1","author":"Chagas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellman, M., Lingam, S., and Aukett, A. (2012). Schedule of Growing Skills II: Escala de Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o das Compet\u00eancias no Desenvolvimento Infantil II\u2014Dos 0 aos 5 Anos\u2014Manual do Utilizador, CEGOC-TEA. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1037\/t05232-000"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.14195\/1647-8606_60-1_1","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Schedule of Growing Skills II: Portuguese version","volume":"60","author":"Machado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychologica"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.31.3.448","article-title":"The Regulation of negative reactivity in infancy: Function and development","volume":"31","author":"Stifter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_93","unstructured":"Crittenden, P.M. (2003). CARE-Index Manual, Family Relations Institute. unpublished manuscript."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaufeli, W., and Bakker, A. (2003). UWES\u2014Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Occupational Health Psychology Unit.","DOI":"10.1037\/t76451-000"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.7342\/ismt.rpics.2017.3.2.52","article-title":"Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o e Valida\u00e7\u00e3o da Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) aplicada a Assistentes Sociais em Portugal","volume":"3","author":"Teles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Port. Investig. Comport. Soc."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2001.00049.x","article-title":"Finding an extra day a week: The positive influence of perceived job flexibility on work and family life balance","volume":"50","author":"Hill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fam. Relat."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000052967.43131.51","article-title":"The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ)","volume":"45","author":"Kessler","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_98","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Medical Association (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310, 2191\u20132194.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2018.02.002","article-title":"Be a Mom: Formative evaluation of a web-based psychological intervention to prevent postpartum depression","volume":"25","author":"Fonseca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cogn. Behav. Pract."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730252982491","article-title":"The Circle of Security project: Attachment-based intervention with caregiver-pre-school child dyads","volume":"4","author":"Marvin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Attach. Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"Comiss\u00e3o T\u00e9cnica de Acompanhamento da Reforma da Sa\u00fade Mental (2017). Relat\u00f3rio da Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do Plano Nacional de Sa\u00fade Mental 2007\u20132016 e Propostas Priorit\u00e1rias para a Extens\u00e3o a 2020, SNS."},{"key":"ref_103","unstructured":"Nogueira, J.R., and Moreira, S. (2018). Programa Nacional de Sa\u00fade Ocupacional (PNSOC)\u2014Extens\u00e3o 2018\/2020, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade."},{"key":"ref_104","unstructured":"European Commission (2010). Europe 2020\u2014A strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth, European Commission."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/5\/2558\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:32:48Z","timestamp":1760160768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/5\/2558"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph18052558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18052558","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]}}}