{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:32:25Z","timestamp":1777469545390,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006742","name":"Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POSOL_DERM_CESPU-2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POSOL_DERM_CESPU-2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006742","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006742","name":"Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PHARM4ADHER_CESPU_2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHARM4ADHER_CESPU_2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006742","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006742","name":"Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INSIGHT4ADHERE-PFT-IINFACTS-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INSIGHT4ADHERE-PFT-IINFACTS-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006742","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015621","name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015621","name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The connection between pharmacists\u2019 knowledge and practice on the provided information to patients about dermatoses and their treatment is insufficiently characterized. Furthermore, pharmacists\u2019 contributions in counselling and in promoting adherence to topical treatment is not fully understood. This study has three main objectives. It aims to identify the knowledge and practices of pharmacists about dermatoses and their treatment, and to compare the perspective of pharmacists with that of patients regarding treatment information, with the future goal of establishing guidelines on the communication of dosage regimen instructions to dermatological patients and promotion of adherence to treatment, filling a gap. A cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study was carried out. Based on experts\u2019 prior knowledge and extensive collected literature information, two questionnaire protocols, one for pharmacists and another one for patients, were designed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out in relation to the pharmacists\u2019 questionnaire for instrument validation. The results indicate that knowledge of pharmacists regarding dermatoses and their treatment is considered acceptable. Most of the pharmacists were reported to provide information to patients. Oppositely, patients reported not to have receive it. This is an important issue because pharmacists play a primary role in the management of several diseases. As non-adherence can be triggered by poor understanding of the dosing instructions, pharmacists\u2019 communication practices play an important role in improving this hinderance. Results from this study identified pharmacist\u2013patient communication gaps, so the development of guidelines to improve the transmission of clear dosage regimen instructions and knowledge about patient\u2019s disease are of paramount importance. Training programs for continuous education of pharmacist should be implemented to solve the identified communication problems found in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18062928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T11:56:55Z","timestamp":1615550215000},"page":"2928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Knowledge and Practices of Community Pharmacists in Topical Dermatological Treatments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3254-5326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maribel","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0500-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Herdeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences\u2014Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Agra do Crasto\u2014Edificio 30, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"Bahia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1498-048X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel F.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2777-2372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo Guedes","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lder Fernando Pedrosa e","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics (DM. UTAD), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2198-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alzira Pimenta","family":"Dinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.02.039","article-title":"Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: Section 1. Overview of psoriasis and guidelines of care for the treatment of psoriasis with biologics","volume":"58","author":"Menter","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04525.x","article-title":"Adherence to topical treatment in psoriasis: A systematic literature review","volume":"26","author":"Devaux","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8510(01)00178-6","article-title":"A review of the literature on the economics of noncompliance. Room for methodological improvement","volume":"59","author":"Cleemput","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2016.1181256","article-title":"Adherence in dermatology","volume":"28","author":"Ahn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"WC, C. (2016). International Encyclopedia of Public Health, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-018-1246-2","article-title":"Mechanical Properties of Topical Anti-Psoriatic Medicines: Implications for Patient Satisfaction with Treatment","volume":"20","author":"Teixeira","year":"2019","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10480.x","article-title":"Are we giving patients enough information on how to use topical treatments? Analysis of 767 prescriptions in psoriasis","volume":"165","author":"Pouplard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feldman, S., Cline, A., Pona, A., and Kolli, S. (2020). Treatment Adherence in Dermatology, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-27809-0"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2005.01333.x","article-title":"The right dose in the right place: An overview of current prescription, instruction and application modalities for topical psoriasis treatments","volume":"19","author":"Savary","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2013.09.008","article-title":"The pharmacist role in dermatologic care","volume":"6","author":"Fabbro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Teach. Learn."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2013.08.005","article-title":"Pharmacist consultations in general practice clinics: The Pharmacists in Practice Study (PIPS)","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. Soc. Adm. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2012.05.005","article-title":"Working in interprofessional primary health care teams: What do pharmacists do?","volume":"9","author":"Farrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Soc. Adm. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/0017896918811373","article-title":"Patient-focused medicines information: General practitioners\u2019 and pharmacists\u2019 views on websites and leaflets","volume":"78","author":"Young","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Educ. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S132054","article-title":"Patient opinions on medicine-use review: Exploring an expanding role of community pharmacists","volume":"11","author":"Aimaurai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Kickbusch, I., Pelikan, M., Apfel, F., and Tsouros, A. (2013). Health Literacy, WHO Regional Office for Europe."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"(2021, February 01). Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Psor\u00edase PSO Portugal. Available online: https:\/\/psoportugal.pt\/."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2020, November 19). Ordem dos Farmac\u00eauticos Ordem dos Farmac\u00eauticos Portugueses [Portuguese Order of Pharmacists]. Available online: https:\/\/www.ordemfarmaceuticos.pt\/pt\/."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2020, November 19). CESPU Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade [Universitary Institute of Health Sciences]. Available online: https:\/\/www.cespu.pt\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2020, November 19). Comiss\u00e3o Nacional de Protec\u00e7\u00e3o de Dados Comiss\u00e3o Nacional de Protec\u00e7\u00e3o de Dados [Data Protection National Commission]. Available online: https:\/\/www.cnpd.pt\/english\/index_en.htm."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"IBM Corporation (2018). IBM Corporation Released IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corporation. Version 25."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Kline, R.B. (2015). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, Guilford Publications."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E., and Tatham, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis, Prentice Hall. [17th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291575","article-title":"An index of factorial simplicity","volume":"39","author":"Kaiser","year":"1974","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8317.1950.tb00285.x","article-title":"Tests of Significance in Factor Analysis","volume":"3","author":"Bartlett","year":"1950","journal-title":"Br. J. Stat. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Mar\u00f4co, J. (2010). An\u00e1lise de Equa\u00e7\u00f5es Estruturais: Fundamentos Te\u00f3ricos, Software & Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es [Structural Equation Analysis: Theoretical Foundations, Software & Applications], Lda. ReportNumber."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"49","article-title":"On the generalised dist\u00e2ncia in statistics","volume":"2","author":"Mahalanobis","year":"1936","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Field, A. (2009). Descobrindo a Estat\u00edstica Usando O SPSS, Penso Editora."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijforecast.2006.03.001","article-title":"Another look at measures of forecast accuracy","volume":"22","author":"Hyndman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Forecast."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Bentler, P.M. (2019). S.-Y. Lee\u2019s Lagrange Multiplier Test in Structural Modeling: Still Useful?. Proceedings of the International Statistical Conference in Memory of Professor Sik-Yum Lee, The Chinese University of Hong Kong."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2019.3557","article-title":"More than skin deep: The systemic nature of atopic dermatitis","volume":"29","author":"Oliveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm4050884","article-title":"Diagnosis of Atopic Dermatitis: Mimics, Overlaps, and Complications","volume":"4","author":"Siegfried","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"987","article-title":"Prescribing Patterns for Atopic Dermatitis in the United States","volume":"18","author":"Pona","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Drugs Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.12.016","article-title":"Polypeptide-corticosteroid conjugates as a topical treatment approach to psoriasis","volume":"318","author":"Sallam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2018.1473554","article-title":"Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis: A comprehensive review","volume":"30","author":"Borda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dermatolog. Treat."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Brown, L. (2019). Pharmacy Magazine, Communications International Group Ltd."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-016-0158-5","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic studies of atopic dermatitis","volume":"12","author":"Bin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15913","article-title":"A systematic review of factors influencing treatment adherence in chronic inflammatory skin disease\u2014Strategies for optimizing treatment outcome","volume":"33","author":"Eicher","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"58","article-title":"Use of topical treatments in psoriasis management","volume":"31","author":"Goman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Community Nurs."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpp.12298","article-title":"The role of community pharmacists in supporting self-management in patients with psoriasis","volume":"25","author":"Tucker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pract."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi.19-00181-4","article-title":"Topical Treatment of Pruritic Skin Disease and the Role of Community Pharmacists","volume":"139","author":"Yamaura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Yakugaku Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2016.02.008","article-title":"Methodologies for medication adherence evaluation: Focus on psoriasis topical treatment","volume":"82","author":"Teixeira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"335","article-title":"Medication Literacy: Why Pharmacists Should Pay Attention","volume":"69","author":"Pouliot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"82","article-title":"Interventions in chronic disease management: A review of the literature on the role of community pharmacists","volume":"3","author":"Thoopputra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pharm. Heal. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.100687","article-title":"Impact of clinical pharmacist on medication adherence among psoriasis patients: A randomized controlled study","volume":"10","author":"Hiremath","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol. Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-017-0272-2","article-title":"Development and Validation of a Novel Questionnaire for Adherence with Topical Treatments in Psoriasis (QATOP)","volume":"18","author":"Teixeira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.2005","article-title":"A Research Agenda for Communication between Health Care Professionals and Patients Living with Serious Illness","volume":"177","author":"Tulsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp120306","article-title":"Health literacy: A primer for pharmacists","volume":"70","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/6\/2928\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:34:57Z","timestamp":1760160897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/6\/2928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph18062928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18062928","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]}}}