{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T20:30:45Z","timestamp":1776285045449,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>European population ageing is associated with frailty, a complex geriatric syndrome, and polypharmacy, both resulting in adverse health outcomes. In this study we aimed to evaluate the impact of frailty and polypharmacy, on mortality rates, within 30 months, using a cohort of SHARE participants aged 65 years old or more. Frailty was assessed using a version of Fried\u2019s phenotype criteria operationalized to SHARE while polypharmacy was defined as taking five or more drugs per day. We found a prevalence of 40.4% non-frail, 47.3% pre-frail and 12.3% frail participants. Moreover, a prevalence of polypharmacy of 31.3% was observed, being 3 three times more prevalent in frail individuals and two times in pre-frail individuals, when compared with non-frail. Individuals with both conditions had shown higher mortality rates. Comparing with non-polymedicated non-frail individuals all the other conditions are more prone to die within 30 months. Polymedicated older and male participants exhibited also higher mortality rates. This work shows polypharmacy and frailty to be associated with a higher risk of all-cause of mortality and highlights the need to decrease \u2018unnecessary\u2019 polypharmacy to reduce drug-related issues and also the need to assess frailty early to prevent avoidable adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T09:57:04Z","timestamp":1617098224000},"page":"3580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Frailty Status and Polypharmacy Predict All-Cause Mortality in Community Dwelling Older Adults in Europe"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1981-2554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Mid\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto4Ageing, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Brochado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto4Ageing, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Almada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto4Ageing, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mafalda","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS\u2014Center for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Higher Education Institute of Health of Alto Ave, 4720-155 Amares, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Constan\u00e7a","family":"Pa\u00fal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS\u2014Center for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1158-1480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u00edsio","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto4Ageing, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201439518","article-title":"Living too long: The current focus of medical research on increasing the quantity, rather than the quality, of life is damaging our health and harming the economy","volume":"16","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Eurostat (2019). 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