{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T01:39:23Z","timestamp":1776217163970,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The aim of the present research was to study the psychological and physiological features associated with aerobic and anaerobic performance in trained swimmers. Methods: A correlation and stepwise regression analyses were conducted with the data obtained in a RESTQ-76 sport questionnaire, a heart rate variability test, and an anaerobic and aerobic swimming performance efforts of 20 swimmers. Results: Aerobic performance correlated, principally, with parameters related to parasympathetic modulation measured in the frequency and time domains of the heart rate variability (LF\/HF r: \u22120.806, p &lt; 0.001; NN50 r: 0.937, p &lt; 0.001). Swimmers\u2019 anaerobic performance correlated to psychological features (low stress r: 0.526, p: 0.025, and high fatigue r: \u22120.506, p: 0.032). Conclusion: Swimming performance presented different psychological and physiological features depending on the probe characteristic. Specifically, swimmers\u2019 anaerobic performance was associated with psychological features (low stress and high fatigue perception) and aerobic performance with physiological features (high parasympathetic modulation). This information could help coaches to know the variables to control in their swimmers, depending on the probe in which they compete (anaerobic or aerobic).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T22:31:39Z","timestamp":1619389899000},"page":"4561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Psychological and Physiological Features Associated with Swimming Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2397-2801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente Javier","family":"Clemente-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Science, European University of Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 11501-2060, Colombia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8299-1092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pedro","family":"Fuentes-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. Universidad S\/N, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5811-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91 4200 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4109-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91 4200 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1139\/h99-007","article-title":"Markers of excessive exercise","volume":"24","author":"McKenzie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 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