{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T08:08:24Z","timestamp":1777190904191,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006129","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCT\/UIDB\/00617\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/UIDB\/00617\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Environmental factors play an important role in obesity-related behaviors. Evidence indicates significant associations between weight and urban green spaces in adults, but it is not clear whether this relationship applies to adolescents. Therefore, our aim was to determine the associations between urban green spaces, greenness exposure and species richness in residential environments with physical activity and body mass index. Sixty-two adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age answered a self-administered questionnaire, providing information on height, weight, age, sex and home address. Data on socioeconomic deprivation were obtained from the European Index of Deprivation for Small Portuguese Areas. Physical activity levels were assessed using accelerometers. Urban green space counts and the normalized difference vegetation index values were measured using buffers along the roads with distances of 300, 500, 1000 and 1500 m from each participant\u2019s residence. To quantify the species richness, the species richness index was used. Linear regression models were fitted to analyze whether urban green spaces, exposure to green spaces and species richness counts for each distance were associated with physical activity and self-reported body mass index. We did not find significant associations between the independent variables and the probability of overweight or obesity. The relationship between environmental variables, adolescents\u2019 physical activity and body weight seems to be complex and further studies may contribute to better understanding of the topic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T11:19:20Z","timestamp":1624015160000},"page":"6588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Urban Green Spaces, Greenness Exposure and Species Richness in Residential Environments and Relations with Physical Activity and BMI in Portuguese Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0127-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Rua Dr. Placido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8880-6962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7054-436X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Aznar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Carlos III s\/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Pizarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Rua Dr. Placido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2182-9841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Rua Dr. Placido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22378","article-title":"Obesity as a Disease: The Obesity Society 2018 Position Statement","volume":"27","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306883","article-title":"Obesity and cardiovascular disease","volume":"118","author":"Ortega","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. 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