{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T19:20:34Z","timestamp":1773516034559,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to assess the impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a sample composed of adolescents, younger adults and adults seeking orthodontic treatment. Participants were consecutively enrolled from January 2019 to March 2020. The oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) was used to measure the OHRQoL. The index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON) was used to assess malocclusion. Sociodemographic, medical, and clinical questionnaires were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed according as a function of sex and age range (15\u201330 or &gt;30 years old). Linear and logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between OHIP-14 total score, malocclusion, and other relevant confounding variables. In a final sample of 93 participants (60 females and 33 males, aged 15 to 60 years), men reported significantly better OHRQoL (p = 0.005). Participants aged 30 years or older reported significantly worse OHRQoL (p = 0.042). OHIP-14 was significantly correlated with age (\u03c1 = 0.259, p &lt; 0.05) and the number of missing teeth (\u03c1 = 0.369, p &lt; 0.001). Multivariable regression showed OHIP-14 being associated with the number of missing teeth (B = 1.48, SE = 0.57, p &lt; 0.05) and the presence of missing teeth (B = 1.38, SE = 0.65, p &lt; 0.05). Malocclusion showed no association with OHRQoL. Age and the number of missing teeth may be key factors on self-perceived OHRQoL in adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18137145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T22:34:36Z","timestamp":1625438076000},"page":"7145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of Malocclusion, Tooth Loss and Oral Hygiene Habits on Quality of Life in Orthodontic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7529-9025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinis","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2503-260X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1019-8263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8482-5936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Proen\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantitative Methods for Health Research Unit (MQIS), CiiEM, Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7659-4392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Rua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Studies Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UniGENe, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0167-4077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Sintra","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00418.x","article-title":"What do measures of \u201coral health-related quality of life\u201d measure? 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