{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T07:10:54Z","timestamp":1776323454458,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study identifies physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) clusters in preschoolers compliant (C) or non-compliant (NC) with sleep recommendations; and associates these clusters with obesity markers. PA and SB were objectively assessed (Actigraph WGT3-X) in 272 preschoolers (4.4 \u00b1 0.7 years old). Sleep duration was parent-reported, and preschoolers were classified as C (3\u20134 years old: 600\u2013780 min\/day; 5 years old: 540\u2013660 min\/day) or NC with sleep recommendations. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were assessed according to international protocols. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and light physical activity (LPA) were categorized as low\/high (&lt;60 min\/&gt;60 min\/day or &lt;180 min\/180 min\/day, respectively). SB was defined according to mean values between clusters. Latent profile analysis was performed. Associations between the observed clusters and obesity markers were determined using linear regression (RStudio; 1.3.1073). Four cluster solutions for C and NC preschoolers were identified. A negative association between C\/Low MVPA cluster and BMI, and a positive association between NC\/Low MVPA and BMI (\u03b2 = \u22120.8, 95%CI = \u22121.6;\u22120.1, and \u03b2 = 0.9, 95%CI = 0.1;1.7, respectively) were observed. No association was seen for SB clusters. Adequate sleep duration may have a protective role for preschoolers\u2019 BMI, even if the children do not comply with MVPA recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T21:28:45Z","timestamp":1631136525000},"page":"9492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Associations between Movement Behaviours and Obesity Markers among Preschoolers Compliant and Non-Compliant with Sleep Duration: A Latent Profile Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0303-169X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alesandra A. de","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Tocantins, Tocantinopolis 77900-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7571-9181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A. P. S.","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-091 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gustavo M. G. da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia (ISMAI), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rafael M.","family":"Tassitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 50010-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6610-4617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cain C. T.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4947-9329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clarice M. de L.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-091 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S134864","article-title":"Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption","volume":"9","author":"Medic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e914","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0080","article-title":"Effects of genotype and sleep on temperament","volume":"136","author":"Pluess","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2013.845778","article-title":"Sleep as a Support for Social Competence, Peer Relations, and Cognitive Functioning in Preschool Children","volume":"13","author":"Vaughn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarez, C., Paredes-Ar\u00e9valo, L., Obando, I., Leal, M., Avila, Y., Sadarangani, K.P., Delgado-Floody, P., Alonso-Mart\u00ednez, A.M., and Izquierdo, M. (2020). Consequences of Low Sleep Duration in Anthropometric and Body Composition Parameters of Chilean Preschoolers. Children, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/children8010008"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsx130","article-title":"Are preschoolers meeting the mark? Comparing the dietary, activity, and sleep behaviors of preschoolers with obesity to national recommendations","volume":"43","author":"Stough","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.06.019","article-title":"The Association Between Sleep Duration and Weight in Treatment-Seeking Preschoolers with Obesity","volume":"13","author":"Clifford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000021","article-title":"Family routines and social-emotional school readiness among preschool-age children","volume":"35","author":"Silver","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6288","article-title":"Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the Recommended Amount of Sleep for Healthy Children: Methodology and Discussion","volume":"12","author":"Paruthi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0417","article-title":"Household routines and obesity in US preschool-aged children","volume":"125","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics (2016). Healthy Sleep Habits: How Many Hours Does Your Child Need?. Elk Grove Village Am. Acad. Pediatr., Available online: https:\/\/www.healthychildren.org\/English\/healthy-living\/sleep\/Pages\/healthy-sleep-habits-how-many-hours-does-your-child-need.aspx."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"WHO (2019). WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, WHO."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tremblay, M.S., Chaput, J.P., Adamo, K.B., Aubert, S., Barnes, J.D., Choquette, L., Duggan, M., Faulkner, G., Goldfield, G.S., and Gray, C.E. (2017). Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years (0-4 years): An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. BMC Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4859-6"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12481","article-title":"Combined Patterns of Risk for Problem and Obesogenic Behaviors in Adolescents","volume":"87","author":"Fleary","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2004.04.022","article-title":"Meeting recommendations for multiple healthy lifestyle factors: Prevalence, clustering, and predictors among adolescent, adult, and senior health plan members","volume":"27","author":"Pronk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laxer, R.E., Brownson, R.C., Dubin, J.A., Cooke, M., Chaurasia, A., and Leatherdale, S.T. (2017). Clustering of risk-related modifiable behaviours and their association with overweight and obesity among a large sample of youth in the COMPASS study. BMC Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4034-0"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres-Lopez, L.V., Cadenas-Sanchez, C., Migueles, J.H., Adelantado-Renau, M., Plaza-Florido, A., Solis-Urra, P., Molina-Garcia, P., and Ortega, F.B. (2020). Associations of Sedentary Behaviour, Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition with Risk of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Children with Overweight\/Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051544"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.001","article-title":"Clustering of Obesity-Related Risk Behaviors in Children and Their Mothers","volume":"21","author":"Cameron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.03.023","article-title":"Preschool children\u2019s eating and sleeping habits: Late rising and brunch on weekends is related to several physical and mental symptoms","volume":"61","author":"Fukuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517003129","article-title":"Clustering of energy balance-related behaviours and parental education in European preschool children: The ToyBox study","volume":"118","author":"Zachari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clusters of diet, physical activity, television exposure and sleep habits and their association with adiposity in preschool children: The EDEN mother-child cohort","volume":"17","author":"Marbac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.76","article-title":"Clustering of lifestyle behaviours and relation to body composition in European children. the IDEFICS study","volume":"69","author":"Mouratidou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.06.001","article-title":"Normal sleep patterns in infants and children: A systematic review of observational studies","volume":"16","author":"Galland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12839","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12839","article-title":"Defining short and long sleep duration for future paediatric research: A systematic literature review","volume":"28","author":"Sawyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv213","article-title":"Television watching and risk of childhood obesity: A meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16160","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16160","article-title":"Habitual Sleep Duration and Risk of Childhood Obesity: Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies","volume":"5","author":"Ruan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"538","article-title":"Factors associated with overweight and obesity in preschool children","volume":"17","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Glas."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2017.07.006","article-title":"Past, present, and future: Trends in sleep duration and implications for public health","volume":"3","author":"Matricciani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"983","article-title":"World medical association declaration of Helsinki","volume":"28","author":"Ebihara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jpn. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2008.10.008","article-title":"Methodological considerations in using accelerometers to assess habitual physical activity in children aged 0\u20135 years","volume":"12","author":"Cliff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000239394.55461.08","article-title":"Technical reliability assessment of three accelerometer models in a mechanical setup","volume":"38","author":"Esliger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.3.591","article-title":"Relation between physical activity and energy expenditure in a representative sample of young children","volume":"80","author":"Montgomery","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000209","article-title":"Prediction of Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity in Preschoolers","volume":"46","author":"Butte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sport. Exerc."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020). WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, WHO."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.21019","article-title":"Associations between sleep quality with cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI among adolescent girls","volume":"22","author":"Mota","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Onis, M., and Onyango, A.W. (2008). WHO Child Growth Standards, WHO.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60131-2"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00978","article-title":"tidyLPA: An R Package to Easily Carry Out Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) Using Open-Source or Commercial Software","volume":"3","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2017.1402334","article-title":"MplusAutomation: An R Package for Facilitating Large-Scale Latent Variable Analyses in Mplus","volume":"25","author":"Hallquist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Struct. Equ. Model."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7ois, R., Henry, L., and M\u00fcller, K. (2021, September 01). dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation. Available online: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=dplyr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.147","article-title":"Short sleep duration and large variability in sleep duration are independently associated with dietary risk factors for obesity in Danish school children","volume":"38","author":"Kjeldsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2816","article-title":"Acute sleep restriction reduces insulin sensitivity in adolescent boys","volume":"36","author":"Klingenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21963","article-title":"Association Between Sleep Duration and Body Mass Index Among US Low-Income Preschoolers","volume":"25","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0642-6","article-title":"The association between physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and body mass index z-scores in different settings among toddlers and preschoolers","volume":"16","author":"Kuzik","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Lucena Martins, C.M., Lemos, L.F.G.B.P., de Souza Filho, A.N., Bezerra, T.A., Soares, I.A.A., Mota, J.G., Bandeira, P.F.R., Mota, J.A.P.S., Tassitano, R.M., and Duncan, M.J. (2020). Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines in low-income Brazilian preschoolers and associations with demographic correlates. Am. J. Hum. Biol., e23519.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23519"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.105892","article-title":"Clustering of unhealthy behaviors in a nationally representative sample of U.S. children and adolescents","volume":"130","author":"Mayne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Med. (Baltim)"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.222","article-title":"Association between objectively measured sedentary behavior and body mass index in preschool children","volume":"37","author":"Byun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.045088","article-title":"Physical activity intensity, sedentary time, and body composition in preschoolers","volume":"97","author":"Collings","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-98","article-title":"Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth","volume":"8","author":"Tremblay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2020.03.002","article-title":"Behavioral factors influencing childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Poorolajal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes. Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-015-0012-2","article-title":"Rapid growth in early childhood associated with young adult overweight and obesity - evidence from a community based cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Sutharsan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Health Popul. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.09.065","article-title":"Late Adiposity Rebound and the Probability of Developing and Reversing Childhood Obesity","volume":"216","author":"Moon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"167","article-title":"Assessing preschool children\u2019s physical activity: The Observational System for Recording Physical Activity in children-preschool version","volume":"77","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exerc. Sport"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1964","article-title":"Sleep restriction decreases the physical activity of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Bromley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27984","article-title":"Short-term sleep loss decreases physical activity under free-living conditions but does not increase food intake under time-deprived laboratory conditions in healthy men","volume":"90","author":"Schmid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520601089349","article-title":"Fatigue and mood correlates of sleep length in three age-social groups: School children, students, and employees","volume":"23","author":"Oginska","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Int."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.03.005","article-title":"In search of lost sleep: Secular trends in the sleep time of school-aged children and adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Matricciani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17159\/2078-516X\/2020\/v32i1a8415","article-title":"Understanding the influence of 24-hour movement behaviours on the health and development of preschool children from low-income South African settings: The SUNRISE pilot study","volume":"32","author":"Draper","year":"2020","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Sport. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02036-6","article-title":"Sedentary behavior patterns and adiposity in children: A study based on compositional data analysis","volume":"20","author":"Hron","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.54","article-title":"Physical activity intensity, sedentary behavior, body composition and physical fitness in 4-year-old children: Results from the ministop trial","volume":"40","author":"Henriksson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arhab, A., Messerli-B\u00fcrgy, N., Kakebeeke, T.H., St\u00fclb, K., Zysset, A., Leeger-Aschmann, C.S., Schmutz, E.A., Meyer, A.H., Munsch, S., and Kriemler, S. (2019). Association of physical activity with adiposity in preschoolers using different clinical adiposity measures: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1764-4"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"33","article-title":"Systematic review of the relationships between physical activity and health indicators in the early years (0-4 years)","volume":"17","author":"Carson","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milojevich, H.M., and Lukowski, A.F. (2016). Sleep and mental health in undergraduate students with generally healthy sleep habits. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156372"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12661","article-title":"Sleep hygiene, insomnia and mental health","volume":"27","author":"Riemann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chattu, V., Chattu, S., Burman, D., Spence, D., and Pandi-Perumal, S. (2019). The Interlinked Rising Epidemic of Insufficient Sleep and Diabetes Mellitus. Healthcare, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare7010037"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2016.11.008","article-title":"Sleep, insomnia, and hypertension: Current findings and future directions","volume":"11","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.030","article-title":"Night sleep duration trajectories and associated factors among preschool children from the EDEN cohort","volume":"48","author":"Plancoulaine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/18\/9492\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:59:08Z","timestamp":1760165948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/18\/9492"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph18189492"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18189492","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]}}}