{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:19:43Z","timestamp":1775841583829,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/16496-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/16496-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study provided a proof-of-concept and test\u2013retest reliability of measures frequently used to assess a mental fatigue paradigm. After familiarization, 28 healthy men performed (40-min) the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP) test in a test\u2013retest design, having mental fatigue sensation, motivation, emotional arousal, total mood disturbance, and electroencephalography (EEG) in the prefrontal cortex measured before and after the test. EEG was recorded during a 3-min rest so that the power spectral density of theta (3\u20137 Hz) and alpha (8\u201313 Hz) bands was calculated. Pre-to-post RVP test changes in psychological and physiological domains were compared (paired-T tests), and absolute (standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal difference (MD)) and relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)) were calculated. The RVP test induced an increase (p &lt; 0.05) in mental fatigue sensation (120.9% (109.4; 132.4)) and total mood disturbance (3.5% (\u22126.3; 13.3)), and a decrease in motivation (\u22127.1% (\u22129.2; \u22125.1)) and emotional arousal (\u221216.2% (\u221219.1; \u221213.2)). Likewise, EEG theta (59.1% (33.2; 85.0); p &lt; 0.05), but not alpha band, increased due to RVP test. All psychophysiological responses showed poor-to-moderate relative reliability. Changes in mental fatigue sensation and motivation were higher than SEM and MD, but changes in EEG theta band were higher only than SEM. Mental fatigue sensation, motivation, and EEG theta band were sensitive to distinguish a mental fatigue paradigm despite true mental fatigue effects on theta activity may be trivial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T10:31:34Z","timestamp":1631269894000},"page":"9532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Proof-of-Concept and Test-Retest Reliability Study of Psychological and Physiological Variables of the Mental Fatigue Paradigm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7557-3140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cayque","family":"Brietzke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 03828-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Santos 11015-020, Brazil"}]},{"given":"\u00cdtalo","family":"Vin\u00edcius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 03828-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Paulo Estev\u00e3o","family":"Franco-Alvarenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 03828-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Santos 11015-020, Brazil"},{"name":"Physical Education, Est\u00e1cio de S\u00e1 University UNESA, Resende 27515-010, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5872-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul","family":"Canestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 03828-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4382-0159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio Fagundes","family":"Goethel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 03828-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5546-1398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Eduardo Rodrigues","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4117-5929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 03828-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Tony Meireles","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 03828-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4538-1751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio Oliveira","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 03828-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Santos 11015-020, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.07.001","article-title":"Mental fatigue: Costs and benefits","volume":"59","author":"Boksem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res. 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