{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T12:23:55Z","timestamp":1761740635250,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Survival outcomes increase significantly when cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is provided correctly, but rescuers\u2019 fatigue can compromise its delivery. We investigated the effect of two exercise modes on CPR effectiveness and physiological outputs. After 4 min baseline conditions, 30 lifeguards randomly performed a 100 m run and a combined water rescue before 4 min CPR (using an adult manikin and a 30:2 compression\u2013ventilation ratio). Physiological variables were continuously measured during baseline and CPR using a portable gas analyzer (K4b2, Cosmed, Rome, Italy) and CPR effectiveness was analyzed using two HD video cameras. Higher oxygen uptake (23.0 \u00b1 9.9 and 20.6 \u00b1 9.1 vs. 13.5 \u00b1 6.2 mL\u00b7kg\u00b7min\u22121) and heart rate (137 \u00b1 19 and 133 \u00b1 15 vs. 114 \u00b1 15 bpm), and lower compression efficacy (63.3 \u00b1 29.5 and 62.2 \u00b1 28.3 vs. 69.2 \u00b1 28.0%), were found for CPRrun and CPRswim compared to CPRbase. In addition, ventilation efficacy was higher in the rescues preceded by intense exercise than in CPRbase (49.5 \u00b1 42.3 and 51.9 \u00b1 41.0 vs. 33.5 \u00b1 38.3%), but no differences were detected between CPRrun and CPRswim. In conclusion, CPRrun and CPRswim protocols induced a relevant physiological stress over each min and in the overall CPR compared with CPRbase. The CPRun protocol reduces the compression rate but has a higher effectiveness percentage than the CPRswim protocol, in which there is a considerably higher compression rate but with less efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T07:52:14Z","timestamp":1632124334000},"page":"9843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Previous Intensive Running or Swimming Negatively Affects CPR Effectiveness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4527-3865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Arturo","family":"Abraldes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group MS&SPORT, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5811-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Mor\u00e1n-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abraldes, J.A., Fernandes, R.J., Rodr\u00edguez, N., and Sousa, A. (2020). 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