{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T21:30:04Z","timestamp":1769376604310,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-1-ES01-KA203-050800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-1-ES01-KA203-050800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: While European health policies do frequently take into consideration the ideas and experiences of their users, the voices of minority and marginalized communities are not often heard. European healthcare services must address this issue as the number of healthcare users with an MM background increases. Aim: To explore the perspectives of key stakeholders and healthcare users with an MM background on transcultural care in four European countries. Design: Qualitative phenomenological study. Methods: Semi-structured, individual interviews were conducted with stakeholders and MM users. Interviews were translated and transcribed verbatim and were carried out from February to May 2021. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the characteristics of the sample; qualitative data were analyzed thematically following Braun and Clarke\u2019s phases, resulting in 6 themes and 18 subthemes. Results: For stakeholders and MM users with long-established residence in their respective countries, cultural differences involve different family and community norms, religious beliefs, lifestyles, and habits. These components are perceived as in tension with healthcare norms and values, and they mediate in two key and related aspects of the relationship between MM users and healthcare providers: accessibility and communication. Conclusions: Communication and access to healthcare are key to MM health service users, and they are the most frequent sources of misunderstanding and conflict between them and healthcare professionals. Impact: It is important to extend the investigation of cultural issues in healthcare to stakeholders and MM users. There is no doubt that healthcare professionals should be trained in cultural competence; however, cultural competence training is not the only area for improvement. There should be a change in paradigm in healthcare services across Europe: from individual to organizational integration of culture and diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T09:24:04Z","timestamp":1633598644000},"page":"10503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Perception and Experience of Transcultural Care of Stakeholders and Health Service Users with a Migrant Background: A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2940-188X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Gaya-Sancho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group of Research on New Targets in Autoimmunity and Oncological Surveillance (INDIVO) (B3_20D), Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3001-5038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Vanceulebroeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, AP University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Nuran","family":"K\u00f6m\u00fcrc\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul 34295, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6020-349X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indrani","family":"Kalkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul 34295, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5752-1136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Casa-Nova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Portalegre, School of Health Sciences, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Tambo-Lizalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5334-6895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Portalegre, School of Education and Social Science, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Evy","family":"Present","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, AP University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4790-9639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seda","family":"De\u011firmenci \u00d6z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul 34295, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2488-0682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Portalegre, School of Education and Social Science, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sofie","family":"Vermeiren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, AP University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8817-0511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arzu","family":"Kavala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul 34295, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Benjamin Adam","family":"Jerue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain"}]},{"given":"Berta","family":"S\u00e1ez-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group of Research on New Targets in Autoimmunity and Oncological Surveillance (INDIVO) (B3_20D), Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8206-4803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Ant\u00f3n-Solanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group Nursing Research in Primary Care in Arag\u00f3n (GENIAPA) (GIIS094), Institute of Research of Arag\u00f3n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hoffman, H. 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