{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T09:16:20Z","timestamp":1774084580215,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/Bia-BQM\/28355\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/Bia-BQM\/28355\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/135692\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/135692\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pigments are compounds of importance to several industries, for instance, the food industry, where they can be used as additives, color intensifiers, and antioxidants. As the current trend around the world is shifting to the use of eco-friendly commodities, demand for natural dyes is increasing. Melanins are pigments that are produced by several microorganisms. Pseudomonas putida ESACB 191, isolated from goat cheese rind, was described as a brown pigment producer. This strain produces a brown pigment via the synthetic M\u00fceller-Hinton Broth. This brown compound was extracted, purified, analyzed by FTIR and mass spectrometry, and identified as eumelanin. The maximum productivity was 1.57 mg\/L\/h. The bioactivity of eumelanin was evaluated as the capacity for scavenging free radicals (antioxidant activity), EC50 74.0 \u00b1 0.2 \u03bcg\/mL, and as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, with IC50 575 \u00b1 4 \u03bcg\/mL. This bacterial eumelanin did not show cytotoxicity towards A375, HeLa Kyoto, HepG2, or Caco2 cell lines. The effect of melanin on cholesterol absorption and drug interaction was evaluated in order to understand the interaction of melanin present in the cheese rind when ingested by consumers. However, it had no effect either on cholesterol absorption through an intestinal simulated barrier formed by the Caco2 cell line or with the drug ezetimibe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182010562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T21:23:25Z","timestamp":1633901005000},"page":"10562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Melanin: Production from Cheese Bacteria, Chemical Characterization, and Biological Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8356-907X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI\u2014Instituto de Biossistemas e Ci\u00eancias Integrativas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5192-3006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI\u2014Instituto de Biossistemas e Ci\u00eancias Integrativas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"\u00c1rea Departamental de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, Av. Conselheiro Em\u00eddio Navarro, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9720-9801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro D.","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Champalimaud, Av. Bras\u00edlia, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5433-4258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina S.","family":"Pintado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria (ESA), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Castelo Branco (IPCB), Quinta da Sra. de M\u00e9rcoles, Apartado 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal"},{"name":"CERNAS\/IPCB, Centro de Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Sociedade\/Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Castelo Branco, Av. Pedro \u00c1lvares Cabral 12, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7439-5912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lia","family":"Ascens\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro para o Estudo do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7541-9613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Serralheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI\u2014Instituto de Biossistemas e Ci\u00eancias Integrativas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lucey, J. 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