{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:17:16Z","timestamp":1770754636489,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A third version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) was developed internationally aiming to respond to new trends in working conditions, theoretical concepts, and international experience. This article aims to present the preliminary validation studies for the Portuguese middle version of COPSOQ III. This is an exploratory cross-sectional study viewing the cross-cultural adaption of COPSOQ III to Portugal, ensuring the contents and face validity and performing field-testing in order to reduce the number of items and to obtain insight into the data structure, through classic test theory and item response theory approaches. The qualitative study encompassed 29 participants and the quantitative one 659 participants from municipalities and healthcare settings. Content analysis suggested that minor re-wording could improve the face validity of items, while a reduced version, with 85 items, shows psychometric stability, achieving good internal consistency in all subscales. The COPSOQ III Portuguese middle version proved to be a valid preliminary version for future validation studies with various populations, able to be used in correlational studies with other dimensions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T08:37:18Z","timestamp":1642754238000},"page":"1167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Portuguese Third Version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire: Preliminary Validation Studies of the Middle Version among Municipal and Healthcare Workers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2950-5208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa P.","family":"Cotrim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ergonomics Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal"},{"name":"CIAUD, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-063 Alto da Ajuda, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Bem-Haja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIDTFF, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8943-3528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CATIM, Technological Center, 4100-414 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8773-3757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Management Sciences and Sustainability (UNICES), University of Maia (UMAIA), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal"},{"name":"Center ALGORITMI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APPsyCI\u2014Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, ISPA\u2014Instituto Universit\u00e1rio, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joaquim S.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IETA, Departamento de Eletr\u00f3nica, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1vio","family":"Kanazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ergonomics Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6666-6268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIDTFF, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5504-4332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GOVCOPP, School of Technology and Management of \u00c1gueda, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos F.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WJCR, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berthelsen, H., Westerlund, H., Bergstr\u00f6m, G., and Burr, H. 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